Researchers make link between bad bosses and workers’ heart disease

Stockholm University researchers at the Stress Research Institute made international headlines recently with the revelation that a bad boss can be bad for your heart.

Anna Nyberg, co-author of the study

The team of researchers which included scholars from Stockholm University, Karolinska Institute, as well as University College London and the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, followed the heart health of 3,122 male employees, aged between 19 and 70 working in Stockholm between 1992 and 2003. 

Participants were, on average, 42 years old when the study commenced, highly educated and slightly overweight. Three out of four exercised “now and then” or regularly.

During this time 74 cases of fatal and non-fatal heart attack, acute angina or ischaemic heart disease occurred.

All the participants were asked to rate the leadership style of their senior managers in terms of how clearly they set out goals for employees and assess how good they were at communicating and giving feedback. 

The result revealed that staff included a lack of empathy or inability to delegate as well as a refusal to listen to staff. 

Workers who rated their bosses as the most effective had the lowest risk of suffering from heart disease, whilst those who deemed their boss to be the least competent had a 25% higher risk of serious heart disease. 

"This study is the first to provide evidence of a prospective, dose-response relationship between concrete managerial behaviors and objectively assessed heart disease among employees," says Anna Nyberg, co-author of the study. 

Nyberg, a doctoral student, is registered at Karolinska Institute’s Department of Public Health Sciences, but jointly affiliated with the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University where her supervisors, Töres Theorell and Hugo Westerlund work. The data Nyberg’s work draws on belongs to the Stress Research Institute research group.

"Enhancing managers' skills – regarding providing employees with information, support, power in relation to responsibilities, clarity in expectations, and feedback – could have important stress-reducing effects on employees and enhance the health at workplaces," says Nyberg. 

Perhaps the most striking thing to emerge from the study, which was published in the Nov. 25 online edition of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, is that men were more likely to suffer from heart disease if they had a bad boss regardless of educational attainment, social class, income, workload, lifestyle factors (such as smoking and exercise).

“You should take it seriously that you are stressed due to your manager,” says Nyberg. “If you have a good boss, you have at least a 20 percent lower risk and if you stay at the same workplace for four years, you have at least a 39 percent lower risk.” 

Stress Research Institute: www.stressforskning.su.se

Managerial leadership and ischaemic heart disease among employees: the Swedish WOLF study: www.stressforskning.su.se/content/1/c6/05/39/74/Leadership_Nyberg.pdf

See also the BBC article on this topic: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7745324.stm

Text and interview: Jon Buscall