A selection from Stockholm University publication database

• Barcoding of Swedish biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)

  Jonas Strandberg, Kjell Arne Johanson.

  Malaise trap samples from different localities in Sweden recently generated several thousands of specimens of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Of these 773 were sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI), and found to representing 164 morphological species in 19 genera, 5 tribes and 4 subfamilies. In total 214 barcoding clusters (BINs) were recovered in the neighbor-joining analysis, which indicates that the material includes a higher number of species than based on morphology alone, indicating existence of many cryptic or sibling species in Sweden.

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• Evolutionary relationships among higher taxa of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) re-evaluated, based on molecular data of five protein-coding genes

  Jonas Strandberg, Kjell Arne Johanson.

  Previous hypotheses on the evolutionary history of the earliest lineages within biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) were traditionally based on morphological characters of adults and juveniles and were not able to produce unambiguous results. Recent hypotheses based on analyses of morphological or DNA sequence data produced better resolution about the relationship among subfamilies and tribes in the family than earlier results, but with ambiguities. By analyzing sequence data combined from fragments of five protein coding genes, carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CAD), triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI), alanyl tRNA synthetase (AATS), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) in a phylogenetic analysis we challenge previous ideas about relationships among higher taxa. Approximately 100 species representing 32 genera were included to represent all extant subfamilies and all tribes, except Sphaeromiini s. lat. The Bayesian analysis revealed strong support for a monophyletic Ceratopogonidae as well as all the subfamilies, except Leptoconopinae that is found to be paraphyletic. As found by other authors we recovered Ceratopogonini as paraphyletic. In addition, Palpomyiini was found to be polyphyletic, a configuration not implied earlier. All genera are monophyletic with the exception of a polyphyletic Palpomyia and paraphyletic Bezzia and Forcipomyia.

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• Testing the monophyly of Calocidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) based on multiple molecular data

  2010. Kjell Arne Johanson, Tobias Malm. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54, 535-541

  Article

  Calocidae constitute a hypothesised monophyletic group of caddisflies (Trichoptera) being geographically restricted to New Zealand (one genus) and Australia (five genera). This analysis tests the monophyly of the family based on sequences from five different molecular genes. The complete data set includes 29 species and covers a complete genus representation of the Calocidae as well as representatives of other families in which one or more calocid genera have been classified. Sequences from two mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I and 16S) and three nuclear (elongation factor 1-a, RNA polymerase-II, and Cadherin) genes were used, resulting in a 3958 bp data set and 37.1% parsimony informative characters. The Cadherin (CAD) and RNA polymerase-II (POL-II) genes are used for the first time for revealing Trichoptera phylogenies. The character matrix was analyzed by using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian criteria, the latter by applying three different partition strategies for comparison. Two most parsimonious trees were found, differing in the position of one clade within the sister-group to a monophyletic Calocidae. The Bayesian tree based on the maximum number of partitions differs from trees based on a reduced partition analysis with respect to taxa outside the current circumscription of Calocidae. Both the MP and Bayesian analyses left Calocidae monophyletic, with a monophyletic clade of all Australian genera being sister-group to the New Zealand genus. The results from the agreement subtree analysis demonstrates that CAD performs well both separately and in combination with other genes and adds substantial resolution to the calocid phylogeny in a combined MP analysis.

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