Physics is the science of studying the constituents of matter at a fundamental level and the forces that affect them. It studies the smallest elements of nature, but also the evolution and structure of the universe.
At Fysikum, research is carried out in both theoretical and experimental physics. The research is organised into seven research topics. Within these subjects, research is usually carried out in project form, sometimes in collaboration between several research subjects at Fysikum and often also in collaboration with research groups at other universities and research institutes.
Theoretical physics
In physics, theoretical methods have led to surprising and unprecedented advances: Maxwell's electrodynamics, Einstein's theory of gravity, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics and the Standard Model of particle physics with the Higgs particle are all examples of how experimental data can sometimes lead to successful theoretical extrapolations with far greater range and precision than one has a right to expect.
Often theoretical physics is about using the theoretical methods to predict the results of experiments and observations or to interpret the results. Extensive calculations may be needed.
Theoretical physics is sometimes also about goals beyond measuring known quantities. It may involve developing new concepts and perspectives, which can be used to explain new phenomena or shed new light on old mysteries. Some of the prime examples above thus changed our world view.
In practice, theoretical methods often span a wider area than a single research topic. It is often fruitful for theorists to see parallels and communicate across narrow disciplinary boundaries. A well-known example is how ideas have been transferred back and forth between condensed matter theory and theoretical particle physics, enriching both fields.
Experimental Physics
In the early 20th century, an atom was thought to be made up of electrons sitting in a "sea" of positive charges. Rutherford showed that the positive charge is actually concentrated in a small nucleus. This experiment opened up a whole new field of physics - nuclear physics.
Quantum physics contains a lot of crazy ideas about how particles in motion should behave like waves. Experiments showed that proton beams can scatter like water and light waves. We have to accept that nature is a little crazy. Without understanding quantum physics, we cannot develop today's technology.
Experimental physics involves designing and performing experiments, analysing the data, interpreting and presenting the results.