Research project Rethink and Reload – Monuments in 21st Century Democracies

Interdisciplinary research project in Art history and Historical geography at Stockholm University and University of Bristol.

Monument making in contemporary democracies is characterized by two trends: monuments that have fallen out of favour are removed, restaged, and recontextualized but the genre has also been reassessed and reinvigorated through the creation of new designs and uses. This international, interdisciplinary cooperation between an art historian (Tanja Schult, Stockholm) and a historical geographer (Tim Cole, Bristol) treats the seemingly opposing developments as indicators of a democratic shift within monument making, and more broadly in society.

Detail of Memorial for the Victims of Nazi Military Justice in Vienna

Memorial for the Victims of Nazi Military Justice in Vienna.

Artist is Olaf Nicolai, 2014.

Photo: Tanja Schult

Through a macro study of global patterns, and a series of micro studies from Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, this research brings both trends together and investigates how they align with changing expectations of the role of citizens within democracies as agents who actively shape collective memory and urban space. Drawing on field studies, archival and media sources, interviews with artists and commissioners alongside audience reception, the project uncovers different strategies used to express, negotiate and develop ideas of democratic representation and participation through monument making.

At a time of enormous interest in monuments and democracy, this project will provide a comprehensive investigation of monuments’ democratic potential. By examining the interplay of monuments, public space and changing ideas of the role of citizens, it will convey new knowledge on the monument genre, as well as important insights into democracy’s current crisis and resilience.

Project managers

Tanja SchultTim Cole

Article by Tim Cole - 'Spaces of memory, scales of memory: The Equal Justice Initiative's marking of lynching from Montgomery to Montevallo and beyond, 2015–2025', Journal of Historical Geography 91 (2026) 153-167

Article by Tim Cole - “On the Plinth/Off the Plinth: Re-imagining the Figurative Monument”, in: Brenda Schmahmann (ed.), Contemporary Approaches to Commemorative Public Art. Monumental Developments. (Routledge 2025), 81–95.

Article by Tanja Schult - “Facilitating and Practising Democratic Citizenship in Contemporary Monument Making: Two Examples from Vienna” in Brenda Schmahmann (ed.), Contemporary Approaches to Commemorative Public Art. Monumental Developments. (Routledge 2025), 49–63.

“Angreifen. Gedanken zum demokratischen Mehrwert selbst unzugänglicher Denkmäler“

“Alfred Hrdlicka's Memorial against War and Fascism and Austrian Memory Culture” - Chapter by Tanja Schult and Diana I. Popescu in the anthology Austrian Identity and Modernity. Culture and Politics in the 20th Century.

Article in Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability - In your face! Bringing Berlin’s Holocaust Memorial to Thuringia: reaffirming German memory culture through creative place-taking

Rezensionsessay: Denkmäler und Denkmalstürze in Demokratien - Review of books about monuments in H-Soz-Cult Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften by Tanja Schult. 2024.

Wien braucht dieses Lueger-Denkmal nicht! - Opinion piece in Der Standard by Tanja Schult. 2023.

After the fall, where?: Relocating the Colston statue in Bristol, from 2020 to imaginary futures - Article in Journal of Historical Geography by Tim Cole. 2023.

Department of Culture and Aesthetics

Democratic monuments

Art historian Tanja Schult contributes to a publication on overthrown monuments and the diversity of monument culture today.

Department of Culture and Aesthetics

Seminar kicked off the research project The Everyday Life of Urban Monuments

A public kickoff-seminar for the research project The Everyday Life of Urban Monuments was held at the University of Copenhagen 7 May. There were app. 35 participants, most from Danish institutions, but also from Sweden, UK and the Netherlands. Participants from art history, urban history, museology, cultural heritage institutions, archives, landscape architecture and preservation.

Department of Culture and Aesthetics

New explorative research network on the everyday life of urban monuments

From 2024 to 2026 the Museum of Copenhagen heads the explorative research network The Everyday Life of Urban Monuments that recently received app. 550.000 DKK in funding from the Independent Research Fund Denmark. The network aim to explore and develop new methods and theoretical perspectives on the study of urban monuments. The core group consists of leading scholars and cultural heritage professionals from Amsterdam, Berlin, Stockholm, Bristol, Wroclaw and Copenhagen (see list below), but wishes to include other scholars and curators interested in the field through invitations and open calls. The network is coordinated by Jakob Ingemann Parby, senior researcher at the Museum of Copenhagen and Tanja Schult, associate professor at Stockholm University and aims at developing research environments and stimulate studies of the relationship between cities, citizens and monumental practices, including the development of research partnerships and fundraising for one or more larger joint research projects. The project activities include a kickoff-seminar in Copenhagen in May 2024 and a concluding conference in the fall of 2026 plus three thematic workshops: Monumental typologies and biographies Ignition and care: Monuments in jeopardy Commemoration and Citizenship: Outreach and participation The location, dates and format of these workshops will be announced later. Results from the projects will be published in Journal of Urban History/Memory Studies Journal, Sculpture Journal og Frieze/Public Art Dialogue as well as in an anthology gathering the results of the concluding conference in 2026. Further info: Jakob Ingemann Parby, Museum of Copenhagen, jakobp@kk.dk Project description Network Everyday Monuments (205 Kb) The Everyday Life of Urban Monuments website

Department of Culture and Aesthetics

Rethink and Reload – Monuments in 21st Century Democracies between Iconoclasm and Revival

On 29th and 30th June, an international and interdisciplinary conference on the topic of Monuments in 21st Century Democracies will be held at the Zitadelle Spandau in Berlin. It is connected to an interdisciplinary research project in Art history and Historical geography at Stockholm University and University of Bristol. Around the world, the fall of monuments has become a controversial phenomenon. Alongside toppling statues, formerly marginalized groups are demanding visibility in public space also with the help of monuments, statues and memorials which for a long time were almost considered obsolete. The international symposium Rethink and Reload is dedicated to the multifaceted culture of monuments in contemporary democracies. It considers the overthrow and new settings and genres of monuments as two inseparable sides of one development: the effort to make our increasingly diverse democracies more democratic. Conference language : English Location : Zitadelle Spandau, Am Juliusturm 64, 13599 Berlin (Germany) Date : 29–30 June, 2023 Registration anmeldung@zitadelle-berlin.de The participation is free of charge. Find the complete program here Scholars, preservationists, artists, and activists from various European countries and the United States will discuss the potential for democratic societies in the controversies currently being played out at monuments. Re-dedications, temporary interventions, guerrilla and counter-monuments, new commissions, and monument demolitions are more than symbolic acts. They shape reality and thus the possibility of social representation and participation. In the controversy around monuments, fundamental questions are negotiated about how to remember and live in a society that is striving for greater equality and equity. Which themes are addressed? How will this be formally arranged? Who will be involved in the process? What is at stake? What can be gained? What new possibilities are there for dealing with the monument genre, often conceived as static or outdated and even irrelevant? With lectures, discussions and film screenings, this symposium is aimed equally at both experts and the interested public. The Zitadelle Berlin-Spandau is a suitable setting for this conference. With the exhibition Unveiled. Berlin and its Monuments, the museum has become a centre for scientific, artistic and cultural-political discussions of problematic monuments. Especially since 2020 – the year of the worldwide monument overthrows of colonial masters and slaveholders – it has come into international focus. So far, it is unique in the world for its museological approach to so-called toxic commemoration culture. Instead of tabula rasa, museum display ensures continuity, but instead of continued discrimination in public space and further consolidation of long-outdated power relations, it makes appropriate contextualization and mediation possible. But the Citadel wants more! It wants to develop into a place of frequent, interdisciplinary and international exchange. The cooperation with the German-Swedish scientist Dr Tanja Schult marks the beginning of this process. Together with Dr Urte Evert (Director of Zitadelle Spandau), Tanja Schult has organized the symposium Rethink and Reload. It is also the first output of the research project “Rethink and Reload – Monuments in 21st Century Democracies between Iconoclasm and Revival”, funded by the Swedish Research Council, which Tanja Schult is conducting together with Professor Tim Cole (Bristol). Under the keywords Monuments’ Possibilities, Monuments in Practice and Monuments in Use , international scholars from various fields will discuss the potential of monuments in democracy in various panels – among them the philosopher Marie-Luisa Frick (Universität Innsbruck), author of e.g. Zivilisiert streiten. Zur Ethik der politischen Gegnerschaft (2017), Paul Farber, director of Monument LAB in Philadelphia, and Erin Thompson, professor of art crime at the City University of New York and the author of Smashing Statues. The Rise and Fall of America's Public Monuments (2022) as well as artists and practitioners. Film screenings and tours through the exhibition will expand the discussion and complement the conference program.

No events available.

Outreach

Conference in Stockholm, 2024
On September 23-24, in collaboration with the Swedish Arts Council, the conference Biographies and Methodological Approaches was organised within the international research network The Everyday Life of Urban Monuments. Speakers were Magnus Rodell, Södertörn University, Tanja Schult, Stockholm University, Tim Cole, University of Bristol, och Annemarie de Wildt, Amsterdam Museum.

More about the symposium


Tanja Schult

Conference Participation, 2023
In Fall 2023, Tanja and Tim attended the international conference Monumental Developments organized by Brenda Schmahmann, which took place at the University of Johannesburg between the 8th and 11th November.
Tanja’s talk was entitled: “Contemporary Monuments as Placemaking: Exercising Democratic Citizenship”, and Tim’s “On the Plinth/Off the Plinth: Re-imagining the monument in turn-of-the-century-London and beyond”.
After the conference, they travelled to Pretoria and Howick to study several Mandela monuments which Tanja talked about at the conference Visual Redress in Africa held at Stellenbosch University, 7th to 8th December 2023.

Conference in Vienna, 2023
Tanja Schult was one of the speakers at the conference 100 | Fachgespräch Denkmalsturz und Diversität der Denkmallandschaft, in Vienna Austria 24 May, 2023. Her paper title was Denkmäler in Demokratien – Demokratische Denkmäler.

Programme on the conference website

Programme in PDF format

Panel discussion in Bristol, 2023
Tim Cole participated in an open talk 24 May, 2023, at MAYK in Bristol together with artist, activist and elected representative Cleo Lake, and sound artist, poet, and writer Ralph Hoyte about contemporary issues and questions relating to memorial, public space, and the place of art interventions relating to difficult histories in Bristol, and the UK.

More about the event

Zitadelle Spandau seen from above

Zitadelle Spandau in Berlin, Germany. Photo: A.Savin, Wikicommons

Conference in Berlin, 2023
The international symposium "Rethink and Reload" was arranged by Tanja Schult and Urte Evert (Director of the Zitadelle) 29–30 June, 2023.

This conference was dedicated to the multifaceted culture of monuments in contemporary democracies. It considered the overthrow and new settings and genres of monuments as two inseparable sides of one development: the effort to make our increasingly diverse democracies more democratic.

Conference info on the H-Soz-Kult website

Workshop talks, 2022
Tanja Schult and Tim Cole talked at a workshop in Vienna 20 October, 2022, arranged by Grüne Bildungswerkstatt Wien. See their talks on Youtube:

Tanja Schult's seminar

Tim Cole's seminar