When positively and negatively charged oxygen molecules meet, they usually neutralize and fall apart into separate atoms. Using ultra-cold ion beams and advanced imaging, researchers have shown that most of these reactions produce oxygen atoms in their normal state, while a smaller fraction end up excited. The study reveals that tiny molecular vibrations can change how the reaction unfolds — a key insight for understanding processes in phenomena like lightning sprites and electrical discharges in air. The editors at Nature Communications have put together an Editors’ Highlights webpage of recent research called “Inorganic and physical chemistry” and are pleased to inform that the editor chose to feature your article, entitled “Vibrationally-dependent molecular dynamics in mutual neutralisation reactions of molecular oxygen ions”.