Mitigating climate change is one of the core concerns of out time, and transitioning to renewable energy sources is one key strategy. Often proclaimed as green and without environmental impacts nor GHG-emissions, wind energy is growing rapidly globally. Although wind energy and other renewable sources are a prerequisite for a fossil free future, these developments are not wihtout impacts. Today’s rapid expansion of renewables disproportionatley affects vulberable populations, including Indigenous peoples, traditional communities and rural populations, and resistance to land dispossession are increasing globally. This PhD project aims to highlight the various justice implications needed across multiple temporal and spatial scales to ensure sustainable and inclusive transformations of societies, focusing on wind energy expansions in two cases – Sápmi in Northern Sweden and Northeastern Brazil.