Catarina Rydin

People

Research

Invited presentations

Conference contributions

Publications and theses

People

• Catarina Rydin (project leader)
• Natasha Barbolini (guest researcher)
• Julia Ferm (postdoc)
• Ruben Blokzijl (PhD student)
• Lovisa Thilén (PhD student)
• Karin Bergendal (master student)
• Eva Larsén (PhD student 2016-2024)
• Olle Thureborn (PhD student 2016-2023)
• Niklas Wikström (scientist 2015-2022)
• Anbar Khodabandeh (laboratory technician 2015-2022)
• Rodrigo Borges (guest student/researcher 2018-2021)
• Natasha Barbolini (postdoc 2019-2020)
• Stefan Löfstrand (postdoc 2017-2018)
• Kristina Bolinder (PhD student 2012-2017)
• Dennis Larsson (master student 2016-2017, supervisor: N. Wikström)
• Chen Hou (PhD student 2012-2016)
• Annelie Jörgensen (bachelor student 2015)
• Nannie Persson (master student 2014-2015)
• Lena Norbäck Ivarsson (master student 2013)
• Clara Eliasson (bachelor student 2013)
• Aelys Humphreys (postdoc 2012-2013)

Research

Macroevolution in ancient clades

In my group, we are interested in macroevolution in vascular plants, the relationship between structure and function, and diversity and distribution in time and space; how features and plant groups evolve over millions of years. I integrate information from molecular data, extant morphology and fossils in order to further elucidate the evolutionary events that resulted in present day diversity. We work mostly with old groups that have a rich fossil record for us to study.

The Gnetales

My main research interest concerns the Gnetales; a small group of seed plants that comprise three distinct genera, Gnetum, Welwitschia and Ephedra. Extant diversity is limited to approximately 100 species but these species have long been suggested to be remains of a former much more diverse clade.

We have also worked with pollination biology in the Gnetales, mainly Ephedra, and we found among other things that one insect-pollinated species of the genus correlates its pollination with the full moon. National Geographic and Swedish Radio produced informative material on this.

Currently we are focusing on deep time evolution in Ephedra. The phylogeny has proven notoriously difficult to resolve, and the diversity through time has an intriguing pattern of repeated peaks and crashes, of which some may be caused by biotic factors, others by abotic factors.

Isoetes

We also work with Isoetes (Isoetaceae), a distinct group of lycopods that often, but not always, grow submersed in lakes. The genus comprises about 200 species with cosmopolitan distribution, and is the only remaining representative of the rhizomorphic lycopsids (Isoetales), an ancient clade that includes the well-known tree-lycopods from the Carboniferous period.

Among recent discoveries in my group is the sister-relationship of Isoetes wormaldii to the remaining Isoetes. The species is unique in several ways. It is morphologically and genetically distinct from other species of Isoetes, and is at the brink of extinction. It is endemic to two small localities in the eastern Cape, South Africa.

The age of the living clade of Isoetes is still a mystery. We have recently shown that analyses of divergence times of clades may result in completely different node ages depending on use of data type and evolutionary clock model. Recent work has provided new information on mega spore morphology, information that improves understanding of the fossil record of the group and provide improved  opportunities for relevant analytical calibration of node ages to absolute time.

The Rubiaceae

The coffee family (Rubiaceae) comprises more than 13,000 species, with a worldwide distribution. They are easily recognized with their (generally) opposite branching and phylotaxis, interpetiolar stipules and epigynous flowers. Several crucial questions on evolutionary relationships within Rubiaceae have remained unanswered and intrafamilial phylogeny and character evolution are still not fully comprehended.

Our current projects concern deep divergences in the family and the subfamilies. We study phylogeny, biogeography, character evolution, and pollination biology, based on field work, molecular data and morphological investigations.

Based on genomic data, we have recently resolved deep divergences in the subfamily and provided explanations for cytonuclear discordances of results. Some such discordances between results based on the plastome versus the nuclear genome are caused by a temporal mismatch between gene divergence and species divergence. Others appear better explained by ancient hybridization and chloroplast capture.

We have also revised the classification of the coffee family recently, a collaboration between my group and Dr Razafimandimbison at the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Invited presentations (selected invitations since 2015)

Invited keynote speaker (Rydin C) PlantLink Day, December 2024.

Invited plenary speaker (Rydin C) The 11th European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference, June 2022.

Invited speaker (Rydin C) Lund University, Dec 2022. Symposium "Nighttime Ecology". Symposium postponed.

Invited speaker (Rydin C) Uppsala University 2018. Symposium held in honor of Professor Sandra Baldauf.

Invited plenary speaker (Rydin C) Lund University 2018. The yearly conference of the Swedish Association for Systematic Biology.

Invited speaker (Larsén E) Botany 2018 - the yearly conference of the Botanical Society of America, Rochester, USA.

Invited speaker (Rydin C) Stockholm University 2017. Meeting of the University Board.

Invited speaker (Rydin C) Vetenskapens Hus vetenskapliga kommitté 2017.

Invited plenary speaker (Rydin C) Uppsala University 2016. The yearly conference of the Swedish Association for Systematic Biology.

Invited plenary speaker (Rydin C) NTNU University, Trondheim 2016. The ForBio annual meeting.

Invited speaker (Rydin C) The Royal Academy of Sciences, Stockholm 2015. The conference “Light and life”.

Invited speaker (Rydin C) Ruhr Universität, Bochum 2015. Seminar presentation.

Conference contributions (since 2015)

Thilén L, Lachenaud O, Razafimandimbison S, Rydin C 2024. Phylogenomics of the tropical African genus Hymenocoleus Robbr. (Rubiaceae). The XX International Botanical Congress, Madrid July 2024. Oral presentation by LT.

Larsén E, Rydin C 2024. Evolution and spore morphology Isoetes. The XX International Botanical Congress, Madrid July 2024. Oral presentation by EL.

Rydin C 2023. Macroevolution and phylogeny in selected seed plants – new techniques, new discoveries. Systematikdagarna 2023, Lund University, November, 2023. Oral presentation by CR.

Larsén E, Rydin C 2023. An “Amborella syndrome” hidden among the lycopods. Systematikdagarna 2023, Lund University, November, 2023. Oral presentation by EL.

Blokzijl R, Rydin C 2023. The evolutionary history of Ephedra; the nuclear perspective. Evolution in Sweden 2023 - EBC, Uppsala University, January 2023. Oral presentation by RB.

Blokzijl R, Rydin C 2023. The evolutionary history of Ephedra; the nuclear perspective. Evolution in Sweden 2023 - EBC, Uppsala University, January 2023. Oral presentation by RB.

Larsén E, Wikström N, Khodabandeh A, Rydin C 2022. Isoetes - phylogeny and megaspore morphology. The 11th European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference, Swedish Museum of Natural History, June 2022. Oral presentation by EL.

Blokzijl R, Thureborn O, Wikström N, Rydin C 2022. Node ages, relationships, and phylogenetic incongruence in an ancient lineage (Ephedra, Gnetales). The 11th European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference, Swedish Museum of Natural History, June 2022. Poster presentation by RB.

Barbolini N, Rydin C 2019. Fossil pollen of Ephedripites: a global climate proxy for warm, dry environments since the Permian? 11th Bolin Days Conference, 20-21 November 2019, Stockholm, Sweden. Oral presentation by NB.

Barbolini N, Hoorn C, Dupont-Nivet G, Woutersen A, Silvestro D, Meijer N, Rydin C 2019. Survival of arid-adapted plants over global biotic crises is influenced by their pollination biology. EGU Galileo Conference on mass extinctions, recovery and resilience, 28–31 August 2019, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Oral presentation by NB.

Barbolini N, Woutersen A, Dupont-Nivet G, Silvestro D, Meijer N, Rydin C, Hoorn C 2019. Cenozoic warming events provide a framework for contextualising Tibetan vegetation response to the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. MioMeet 2019, 3-5 June 2019, Stockholm, Sweden. Oral presentation by NB.

Rydin C, Razafimandimbison SG, Wikström N. 2018. Mitochondrial and plastid genomic data challenge current views of Rubiaceae phylogeny. Botany 2018 - the yearly conference of the Botanical Society of America. Oral presentation by CR.

Rydin C, Thureborn O, Blokzijl R, Bolinder K, Wikström N. 2018. The Gnetales – diversity, evolution, form, and function from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Botany 2018 - the yearly conference of the Botanical Society of America. Oral presentation by CR.

Rydin C, Wikström N 2017. Next generation sequencing data challenge current views of Rubiaceae phylogeny. VII International Rubiaceae and Gentianales Conference, Copenhagen. Oral presentation by CR.

Löfstrand S, Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C 2017. Phylogeny of Coussareeae (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae). VII International Rubiaceae and Gentianales Conference, Copenhagen. Poster presentation by SL.

Blokzijl R, Thureborn O, Wikström N, Rydin C 2017. Phylogenomics of Ephedra (Gnetales). The XIX International Botanical Congress, Shezhen, China. Poster presentation by RB.

Larsén E, Rydin C 2017. Phylogeny and biogeography of Isoetes. The XIX International Botanical Congress, Shezhen, China. Oral presentation by EL.

Larsson D, Rydin C. The allopolyploid origin of Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray and how gene loss can give misleading results. The XIX International Botanical Congress, Shezhen, China. Poster presentation by DL.

Hou C, Rydin C 2017. Biogeography and ecological niches of Asian Gnetum (Gnetales). The XIX International Botanical Congress, Shezhen, China. Poster presentation by CH.

Ferm J, Rydin C 2017. Systematics, diversity and historical biogeography of neotropical synandrous mimosoids – the Ingeae tribe. The XIX International Botanical Congress, Shezhen, China. Poster presentation by JF.

Löfstrand S, Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C 2017. Phylogeny of Coussareeae (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae). The XIX International Botanical Congress, Shezhen, China. Poster presentation by SL.

Thureborn O, Razafimandimbison SG, Wikström N, Rydin C 2017. A phylogeny of the tribe Anthospermeae (Rubiaceae) based on molecular data. The ForBio annual meeting, Bergen, Norway. Oral presentation by OT.

Hou C, Bolinder K, Thureborn O, Rydin C 2016. Ephedra foeminea, a special and evolutionary valuable species in the Gnetales. The ForBio annual meeting, Trondheim, Norway. Poster presentation by CH.

Hou C, Wikström N, Rydin C 2016. Evolution in the Gnetales. The ForBio annual  meeting, Trondheim, Norway. Oral presentation by CH.

Larsén E, Rydin C 2015. Phylogeny and divergence times in Isoetes (Lycopsida). Botany 2015 - yearly conference of the Botanical Society of America, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Oral presentation by EL.

Rydin C 2015. Moonlight pollination and other oddities in ephedran evolution. Botany 2015 - yearly conference of the Botanical Society of America, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Oral presentation by CR.

Hou C, Saunders R, Wikström N, Strijk J, Rydin C 2015. High-throughput sequencing of chloroplast genome for resolving a rapidly evolving lineage - a case study in Chinese Gnetum (Gnetales). Botany 2015 - yearly conference of the Botanical Society of America, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Oral presentation by CH.

Thureborn O, Rydin C 2015. Phylogeny of Ephedra revisited. Botany 2015 - yearly conference of the Botanical Society of America, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Oral presentation by OT.

Publications and theses

Ferm J, Rydin C. 2024. Taxonomic adjustments in Mimoseae (Fabaceae): new genera described to accomodate Zygia/Inga inundata and Zygia sabatieri, and a recombination of Marmaroxylon ocumarense. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society in press. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae078

Thureborn O, Wikström N, Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C. 2024. Plastid phylogenomics and cytonuclear discordance in Rubioideae. PLOS ONE 19(5): e0302365. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302365

Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C. 2024. Phylogeny and classification of the coffee family (Rubiaceae, Gentianales): overview and outlook. Taxon 73(3): 673-717. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13167

Thureborn O, Razafimandimbison SG, Wikström N, Rydin C. 2024. Phylogenomic and topological conflicts in the tribe Anthospermeae (Rubiaceae). Ecology and Evolution 14: e10868. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10868

Larsén E, Rydin C. 2023. Spore morphology in Isoetes. Manuscript in PhD dissertation.

Larsén E. 2023. Phylogeny and macroevolution in Isoetes (Isoetales). PhD dissertation, Stockholm University. DIVA, December 2023.

Thureborn O. 2023. Phylogeny and topological incongruence in the Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). PhD dissertation, Stockholm University. DIVA, March 2023.

Wikström N, Larsén E, Khodabandeh A, Rydin C. 2023. No phylogenomic support for a Cenozoic origin of the "living fossil" Isoetes (Isoetaceae). American Journal of Botany e16108. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16108. The paper was selected by the Editor-in-Chief as "highlight", special recognition for the January 2023 issue.

Razafimandimbison SG, Wikström N, Khodabandeh A, Rydin C. 2022. Phylogeny of the Madagascar-centred tribe Danaideae (Rubiaceae): insights into its generic and species limits, affinities and distribution. Annals of Botany 130: 849–867. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac121

Thureborn O, Razafimandimbison SG, Wikström N, Rydin C. 2022. Target captrue data resolves recalcitrant relationships in the coffee family (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae). Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 967456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.967456

Larsén E, Wikström N, Khodabandeh A, Rydin C. 2022. Phylogeny of Merlin’s grass (Isoetaceae) – revealing an “Amborella syndrome” and the importance of geographic distribution for understanding current and historical diversity. BMC Ecology and Evolution 22: 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-01988-w

Ferm J, Ståhl B, Wikström N, Rydin C. 2021. Phylogeny of the ingoid clade (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae), based on nuclear and plastid data. BioRxiv preprint: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.23.469677.

Borges RL, Razafimandimbison SG, Roque N, Rydin C. 2021. Phylogeny of the Neotropical element of the Randia clade (Gardenieae, Rubiaceae, Gentianales). Plant Ecology and Evolution 154(3): 458-469. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1889.

Löfstrand SD, Taylor CM, Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C. 2021. Phylogenetic relationships, infrageneric classification, and species limits in the Neotropical genus Faramea (Coussareeae, Rubiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 197(4): 478–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab034.

Yuan Q, Barbolini N, Aschworth L, Rydin C, Gao D-L, Shan F-S, Zhong X-Y, Vajda V. 2021. Paleoenvironmental changes in Eocene Tibetan lake systems traced by geochemistry, sedimentology and palynofacies. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 214: 104778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104778.

Rydin C, Blokzijl R, Thureborn O, Wikström N. 2021. Node ages, relationships, and phylogenomic incongruence in an ancient gymnosperm lineage – phylogeny of Ephedra revisited. Taxon 70(4): 701-719. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12493

Razafimandimbison SG, Wong K-M, Rydin C. 2021. Molecular systematics of the tribe Prismatomerideae (Rubiaceae)and its taxonomic consequences. Taxon 70(2): 324–338. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12415

Rydin C. 2021. Bergianska trädgårdens historia – botanik och hortikultur under 235 år. Del 3. Utomhusanläggningarna. Bergianska Trädgårdens Vänner: Vårbladet 2021: 17-26.

Barbolini N, Woutersen A, Dupont-Nivet G, Silvestro D, Tardif D, Coster PMC, Meijer N, Chang C, Zhang HX, Licht A, Rydin C, Koutsodendris A, Han F, Rohrmann A, Liu X-J, Zhang Y, Donnadieu Y, Fluteau F, Ladant J-B, Le Hir G, Hoorn C. 2020. Cenozoic evolution of the steppe-desert biome in Central Asia. Science Advances 6(41): eabb8227. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb8227

Yuan Q, Barbolini N, Rydin C, Gao D-L, Wei H-C, Fan Q-S, Qin Z-J, Du Y-S, Shan J-J, Shan F-S, Vajda V. 2020. Aridification signatures from middle–late Eocene pollen indicate widespread drying across the Tibetan Plateau after 40 Ma. Clim. Past 16: 2255–2273. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2255-2020

Rydin C. 2020. Bergianska trädgårdens historia – botanik och hortikultur under 235 år. Del 2. Hur anlägger man en botanisk trädgård egentligen? Bergianska Trädgårdens Vänner: Vinterbladet 2020: 8-17.

Rydin C. 2020. Bergianska trädgårdens historia – botanik och hortikultur under 235 år. Del 1. Bergianska Trädgårdens Vänner: Höstbladet 2020: 3-10.

Wikström N, Bremer B, Rydin C. 2020. Conflicting phylogenetic signals in genomic data of the coffee family (Rubiaceae). J Syst Evol 58(4): 440-460.

Razafimandimbison SG, Kainulainen K, Senterre B, Morel C, Rydin C 2020. Phylogenetic affinity of an enigmatic Rubiaceae from the Seychelles revealing a recent biogeographic link with Central Africa: gen. nov. Seychellea and trib. nov. Seychelleeae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 143: 106685.

Thureborn O, Razafimadimbison SG, Wikström N, Khodabandeh, A. Rydin C. 2019. Phylogeny of Anthospermeae of the coffee family, inferred using clock and non-clock models. Int J Plant Sci 180(5): 386-402.

Löfstrand S, Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C. 2019. Phylogeny of Coussareeae (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae). Plant Syst Evol 305: 293-304.

Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C. 2019. Molecular-based assessments of tribal and generic relationships in Rubiaceae (Gentianales): polyphyly of Pomazoteae and paraphyly of Ophiorrhizeae and Ophiorrhiza. Taxon 68(1): 72-91.

Forest F, Moat J, Baloch E, Brummitt N, Bachman S, Ickert-Bond SM, Hollingsworth P, Liston A, Little D, Mathews S, Rai H, Rydin C, Stevenson D, Thomas P, Buerki S. 2018. Gymnosperms on the EDGE. Scientific Reports 8: 6053.

Rydin C. 2018. Gnetales - ett litet fönster mot en svunnen värld. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 112(1): 4–21.

Rydin C, Wikström N, Bremer B. 2017. Conflicting results from mitochondrial genomic data challenge current views of Rubiaceae phylogeny. Am J Bot 104(10): 1522–1532.

Evkaikina AI, Berke L, Romanova MA, Proux-Wéra E, Ivanova AN, Rydin C, Pawlowski K, Voitsekhovskaja OV. 2017. The Huperzia selago shoot tip transcriptome sheds new light on the evolution of leaves. Genome Biol Evol 9(9): 2444–2460.

Blokzijl R. 2017. Phylogeny inference of Ephedra using nrDNA, chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Master's thesis, Stockholm University (supervisor: C. Rydin).

Bolinder K. 2017. Pollen and pollination in Ephedra (Gnetales). PhD thesis, Stockholm University (main supervisor: C. Rydin).

Hou C, Wikström N, Rydin C 2017. The chloroplast genome of Ephedra foeminea (Ephedraceae, Gnetales), an entomophilous gymnosperm endemic to the Mediterranean area. Mitochondrial DNA 28: 330–331.

Larsson D. 2017. Polyploid origins of Dryopteris dilatata in Fenno-Scandinavia? Master's thesis, Stockholm University (supervisor: Niklas Wikström).

Humphreys AM, Rydin C, Jønsson KA, Alsop D, Callender-Crowe LM Barraclough TG. 2016. Detecting evolutionarily significant units above the species level using the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent method. Meth Ecol Evol 7: 1366–1375.

Hou C, Wikström N, Strijk JS, Rydin C 2016. Resolving phylogenetic relationships and species delimitations in closely related gymnosperms using high-throughput NGS, Sanger sequencing and morphology. Plant Syst Evol 302: 1345–1365.

Persson N, Rydin C 2016. Phylogenetic relationships of the ‘Briza complex’ to other members of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae). Plant Ecol Evol 149: 216–227.

Bolinder K, Humphreys AM, Ehrlén J, Alexandersson R, Ickert-Bond SM, Rydin C 2016. From near extinction to diversification by means of a shift in pollination mechanism in the gymnosperm relict Ephedra (Ephedraceae, Gnetales). Bot J Linn Sci 180: 461-477.

Hou C. 2016. Evolutionary studies of the Gnetales. PhD thesis, Stockholm University (main supervisor: C. Rydin).

Rydin C, Hoorn C 2016. The Gnetales: past and present. Grana 55(1): 1-4.

Bolinder K, Norbäck Ivarsson L, Humphreys AM, Ickert-Bond SM, Han F, Hoorn C, Rydin C 2016. Pollen morphology of Ephedra (Gnetales) and its evolutionary implications. Grana 55(1): 24-51.

Han F, Rydin C, Bolinder K, Dupont-Nivet G, Abels AH, Koutsodendris A, Zhang K, Hoorn C. 2016. Steppe development on the Northern Tibetan Plateau inferred from Paleogene ephedroid pollen. Grana 55(1): 71-100.

Larsén E, Rydin C 2016. Disentangling the phylogeny of Isoetes (Isoetales), using nuclear and plastid data. Int J Plant Sci 177(2): 157-174.

Jörgensen A, Rydin C 2015. Reproductive morphology in the Gnetum cuspidatum group (Gnetales) and its implications for pollination biology in the Gnetales. Plant Ecol Evol 148(3): 387–396.

Rydin C, Bolinder K 2015. Moonlight pollination in the gymnosperm Ephedra (Gnetales). Biol Lett 11: 20140993. Read about the study in National Geographic here, and here, and listen to report in Swedish Radio.

Persson N. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships of the Briza complex to other members of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae). Master's thesis, Stockholm University (supervisor: C. Rydin).

Hou C, Humphreys AM, Thureborn O, Rydin C 2015. New insights into the evolutionary history of Gnetum (Gnetales). Taxon 64: 239-253.

Bolinder K, Niklas KJ, Rydin C 2015. Aerodynamics and pollen ultrastructure in Ephedra (Gnetales). Am J Bot 102: 457-470. Highlighted as “paper of the month” by the journal.

Jörgensen A. 2014. Reproduktiv morfologi hos Gnetum cuspidatum-gruppen
och dess implikationer för evolution av pollinationsbiologi inom Gnetales. Bachelor thesis, Stockholm University (supervisor: C. Rydin).

Bolinder K. 2014. Pollination in Ephedra (Gnetales). Licentiate thesis, Stockholm University (main supervisor: C. Rydin).

Thureborn O. 2014. New insights to the deep divergences in Epehdra using molecular data. Master's thesis, Stockholm University (supervisor: C. Rydin).

Hou C. 2014. Proteomics and phylogenetics of the Gnetales. Licentiate thesis, Stockholm University (main supervisor: C. Rydin).

Norbäck Ivarsson L. 2013. Pollen morphology in Ephedra (Gnetales) and implications for understanding fossil ephedroid pollen from the Tibetan Plateau, using a phylogenetic approach. Master's thesis, Stockholm University (supervisor: C. Rydin).

Eliasson C. 2013. Hur pollineras kottepalmer? Bachelor thesis, Stockholm University (supervisor: C. Rydin).

Norbäck Ivarsson L, Ivarsson M, Lundberg J, Sallstedt T, Rydin C 2013. Epilithic and aerophilic diatoms in the artificial environment of Kungstradgarden metro station, Stockholm, Sweden. Int J Speleol 42: 289-297.

Bolinder K. 2011. Pollination mechanisms in Ephedra (Gnetales) in north-eastern Greece. Master's thesis, Uppsala University (supervisor: C. Rydin).

Ickert-Bond SM, Rydin C 2011. Micromorphology of the seed envelope of Ephedra L. (Gnetales) and its relevance for the timing of evolutionary events. Int J Plant Sci 172(1): 36-48.

Rydin C, Khodabandeh A, Endress PK 2010. The female reproductive unit of Ephedra (Gnetales): comparative morphology and evolutionary perspectives. Bot J Linn Soc 163: 387–430.

Rydin C, Friis EM 2010. A new Early Cretaceous relative of Gnetales: Siphonospermum simplex gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of northeast China. BMC Evol Biol 10: 183.

Ickert-Bond SM, Rydin C, Renner SS 2009. A fossil-calibrated relaxed clock for Ephedra indicates an Oligocene age for the divergence of Asian and New World clades and Miocene dispersal into South America. J Syst Evol 47: 444–456.

Rydin C, Korall P 2009. Evolutionary relationships in Ephedra (Gnetales) – with implications for seed plant phylogeny. Int J Plant Sci 170: 1031–1043.

Rydin C, Razafimandimbison SG, Khodabandeh A, Bremer B 2009. Evolutionary relationships in the Spermacoceae alliance (Rubiaceae) using information from six loci: insights into systematic affinities of Neohymenopogon and Mouretia. Taxon 58: 793–810.

Rydin C, Kainulainen K, Razafimandimbison SG, Smedmark JEE, Bremer B 2009. Deep divergences in the coffee family and the systematic position of Acranthera. Plant Syst Evol 278: 101-123.

Rydin C, Razafimandimbison SG, Bremer B 2008. Rare and enigmatic genera (Dunnia, Schizocolea, Colletoecema), sisters to species-rich clades: Phylogeny and aspects of conservations biology in the coffee family. Mol Phylogenet Evol 48: 74-83.

Razafimandimbison SG, Rydin C, and Bremer B 2008. Evolution and trends in the Psychotrieae alliance (Rubiaceae) - A rarely reported evolutionary change of many-seeded carpels from one-seeded carpels. Mol Phylogenet Evol 48: 207-223.

Smedmark JEE, Rydin C, Razafimandimbison S, Khan SA, Liede-Schumann S, Bremer B 2008. A phylogeny of Urophylleae (Rubiaceae) based on rps16 intron data. Taxon 57: 24-32.

Rydin C, Pedersen KR, Crane PR, Friis EM 2006. Former diversity of Ephedra (Gnetales): evidence from Early Cretaceous seeds from Portugal and North America. Ann Bot 98: 123-140.

Rydin C, Wu S-Q, Friis EM 2006. Liaoxia Cao et SQ Wu (Gnetales): ephedroids from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liaoning, northeastern China. Plant Syst Evol 262: 239-265.

Rydin C, Friis EM 2005. Pollen germination in Welwitschia mirabilis Hook.f.: differences between the polyplicate pollen producing genera of the Gnetales. Grana 44: 137-141.

Rydin C, Pedersen KR, Friis EM 2004. On the evolutionary history of Ephedra; Cretaceous fossils and extant molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 16571-16576.

Rydin C, Mohr BAR, Friis EM 2003. Cratonia cotyledon gen. et sp. nov.: a unique Cretaceous seedling related to Welwitschia. Proc Roy Soc London 270:S1: 29-32.

Mohr BAR, Rydin C 2002. Trifurcatia flabellata n. gen. n. sp., a putative monocotyledon angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil). Fossil record 5: 335-344.

Anderberg AA, Rydin C, Källersjö M 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in the order Ericales s.l.: analyses of molecular data from five genes from the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Am J Bot 89: 677-687.

Rydin C, Wikström N 2002. Phylogeny of Isoetes (Lycopsida): resolving basal relationships using rbcL sequences. Taxon 51: 83-89.

Rydin C, Källersjö M 2002. Taxon sampling and seed plant phylogeny. Cladistics 18: 485-513.

Rydin C, Källersjö M, Friis EM 2002. Seed plant relationships and the systematic position of Gnetales based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA: conflicting data, rooting problems and the monophyly of conifers. Int J Plant Sci 163: 197-214.