Stockholm university

Tobias MalmSenior lecturer

About me

Tobias Malm is a senior lecturer in organization and leadership, coordinator for the KLOK programme, and coordinator for Pedagogik as a stand-alone course at basic level. Tobias mainly teaches within learning, organization and group theory and is affiliated to the research group Organizational pedagogy. The research interest revolves around identity, learning, small group organizing and music life. Tobias' doctoral dissertation within Education is titled The art of keeping together. On learning and organizing in rock bands (2020). The aim of current research is, in part, theory development within the field of organizational learning.

 

Keywords

organizational life, informal learning, identity, organizing, small groups, team, entrepreneurship, creativity, music and cultural life, work/leisure, adult learning

 

Publications

Malm, T. (2024). Scenen, repan eller konsten? Rockbands mångfald av drivkrafter [The scene, the rehearsal room or the art? Rock bands' multiple driving forces]. In T. Florén & J.-O. Gullö (Red.), Musik – musikproduktion – musikbransch. Tretton samtida berättelser [Music – music production – music industry. Thirteen contemporary stories] (pp. 83–96). Dalarna University.

Malm, T., & Nørholm Lundin, A. (2024). Robbed or Released by the Pandemic? The Dynamics of Integrating and Situating Musician Identity Learning. Vocations and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-024-09346-1.

Malm, T. (2022). Learning to Become a Band, Learning Popular Music. I B. Powell & G. D. Smith (Red.), Places and Purposes of Popular Music Education (ss. 85–89). Intellect Books Ltd.

Malm, T. (2022). Rockbands utmaningar och lärprocesser [Rock bands' challenges and learning processes]. I K. Asp & S. Leijonhufvud (Red.), Rimdrottningar, folkmusiker och rockband. Om deltagandets och lärandets villkor i musiklivet [Rhyme queens, folk musicians and rock bands. On the conditions for participation and learning within music life] (ss. 71–96). Gidlunds förlag.

Malm, T. (2020). The ambivalence of becoming a small business: Learning processes within an aspiring rock band. Popular Music, 39(3–4), 585–599. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261143020000471.

Malm, T., & Schoug, A. (2020). Studieförbundens populärmusikverksamhet – En plantskola för vad? [Popular music within popular education – A Nursery for what?] I N. Hill & A. Schoug (Red.), Lärande i civilsamhället [Learning in the civil society] (ss. 81–120). Trinambai.

Malm, T. (2020). Learning to develop as a rock band: The contradiction between creativity and entrepreneurship. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 25, 100379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100379.

Malm, T. (2020). Konsten att hålla ihop. Om lärande och organisering i rockband (doktorsavhandling) [The art of keeping together. On learning and organizing in rock bands, doctoral dissertation]. Stockholms universitet. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1426069/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Malm, T. (2019). Från album till låtar: tio år med Spotify [From albums to songs: Ten years with Spotify]. I C. Ovesson (Red.), Starka tillsammans. Tjugoen nulägesbilder av civilsamhället [Strong together. Twenty-one images of present civil society] (ss. 199–208). Trinambai.

Malm, T. (2018). Recognizing the practitioner-self: Lessons from studying rock bands at-home. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 7(2), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOE-11-2017-0060.

Malm, T., & Thunborg, C. (2018). Från källarband till småföretag – kreativitet och entreprenörskap i popband [From garage band to small business – Creativity and entrepreneurship in a rock band]. I O. Granberg & J. Ohlsson (Red.), Den lärande organisationen 2.0 [The Learning Organization 2.0] (ss. 99–127). Studentlitteratur.

Malm, T. (2017). Becoming a rock band: The challenges of group identity. Journal of Popular Music Education, 1(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1386/jpme.1.2.165_1.

Publications

A selection from Stockholm University publication database

  • Learning to Become a Band, Learning Popular Music

    2022. Tobias Malm. Places and Purposes of Popular Music Education, 85-89

    Chapter

    This chapter aims to show how learning popular music involves often- overlooked processes of learning to become a band, it discusses implications for educators and calls for more research. Based in Sweden, a small country with relatively large impact on popular music, the author currently sets out to answer that call.

    Read more about Learning to Become a Band, Learning Popular Music
  • Rockbands utmaningar och lärprocesser

    2022. Tobias Malm. Rimdrottningar, folkmusiker och rockband, 71-96

    Chapter

    Syftet med detta kapitel är att bidra till förståelse av de sociala processerna i rockband för att på så sätt öka medvetenheten om villkoren för människors självständiga, långlivade och framgångsrika deltagande i denna form av musikliv. Kapitlet är delvis en presentation av min avhandling "Konsten att hålla ihop – Om lärande och organisering i rockband" samt av några fristående bandstudier som på olika sätt ligger till grund för avhandlingen. Kapitlets huvudsakliga budskap är att förutsättningarna för ett rikt och aktivt musikliv innefattar så mycket mer än strikt musikaliska förmågor. För den enskilda musikern – och då med särskilt fokus på medlemmar i rockband av olika typer och med olika ambitionsnivåer – är det av stor vikt att utveckla en förmåga att förstå sig själv och bandverksamheten på olika sätt beroende på situationen och därmed undvika att låsa fast sig i entydiga identiteter. Min förhoppning är att kapitlet kan vara belysande och stimulera till diskussion för pedagoger, branschfolk, beslutsfattare, studenter, forskare, ledare, gruppmedlemmar och alla med intresse för musik- och kulturlivets grundläggande villkor i allmänhet, såväl som för små kreativa gruppers dynamik och utveckling i synnerhet. Därutöver avser kapitlet fungera som en vägvisare mot forskning på området.

    Read more about Rockbands utmaningar och lärprocesser
  • The ambivalence of becoming a small business: Learning processes within an aspiring rock band

    2020. Tobias Malm. Popular Music 39 (3-4), 585-599

    Article

    Rock musicians’ careers are dependent on their bands’ micro-organisational development. However, the many challenges a band must face to endure and progress together seem somewhat underemphasised in popular music studies. This article therefore aims to provide an understanding of aspiring rock musicians’ learning processes in becoming a small business and focusing the identities they learn through participation in communities of practice. The findings from a yearlong ethnographic study illustrate how band members form contradictory identities. The article argues that members, who learn to become both professionals and hobbyists, and live with the resulting ambivalence, may develop a readiness to tackle some of their challenges, which include burnout, loss of motivation and interpersonal conflicts. In conclusion, the article problematises how categorisations of small creative groups as either professional or hobbyist neglect how their members may, and perhaps need to, contextualise the activities differently in various situations and at certain times.

    Read more about The ambivalence of becoming a small business
  • Studieförbundens populärmusikverksamhet: en plantskola för vad?

    2020. Tobias Malm, Aron Schoug. Lärande i civilsamhället, 81-120

    Chapter

    Detta kapitel undersöker vad det innebär att musiksatsningar inom den organiserade folkbildningen förväntas främja demokratilärande och samtidigt stötta karriärsatsande band och vara till gagn för musikexporten.

    Read more about Studieförbundens populärmusikverksamhet
  • Learning to develop as a rock band

    2020. Tobias Malm. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction 25

    Article

    Creativity and entrepreneurship are increasingly celebrated features of today’s societal life. However, small creative groups face many challenges in developing as a productive unit together, and there is still little research on how they learn to handle these challenges. The aim of this article is to provide an understanding of learning within a rock band and its potential for assisting organizational development. It presents an ethnographically inspired case study and uses the theory of communities of practice to analyze the learning processes involved in a band’s organizing of its practices. The findings illustrate how band members learn to become a micro-organization at times of production, while, in time periods between production, they learn to become a loosely held together partial community of creators and entrepreneurs. The article argues that a rock band’s organizational development relates to its members’ ability to handle a seldom highlighted contradiction between creativity and entrepreneurship. It concludes that the group’s members may develop organizationally by learning to identify with and organize for creativity and entrepreneurship in so-called multi-memberships. It also suggests that a rock band not always develops and its multi-membership abilities may as well decrease because of personal, line-up or commercial issues.

    Read more about Learning to develop as a rock band
  • Konsten att hålla ihop

    2020. Tobias Malm (et al.).

    Thesis (Doc)

    Rock bands are foundational for modern day music life. These small groups provide well-being and self-fulfillment to its members, as well as fuel for the cultural life and the increasingly highlighted creative industries. Rock bands, however, are particularly difficult to organize. Bands face a range of challenges in keeping together and developing as a group.

    The aim of this doctoral thesis is to develop knowledge on rock band formation and development over time. Based in the discipline of education, the thesis mainly contributes to the fields of organization studies, social theories of learning, and music and cultural life research.

    The thesis uses the theory of situated learning to explore rock band formation and development. The methodology is qualitative and ethnographic, and the research design builds on three studies: an interview study with three rock bands and two case studies. All five bands are Swedish and have found different degrees of success and popularity.

    The thesis investigates band activities and courses of events, band members’ identities, and challenges faced. The findings indicate that a rock band’s activities shift between a production mode – i.e. highly productive times associated with public performances, record releases and marketing, and behind the scenes processes of creating, recording and planning – and a contrasting less active hibernation mode without bigger public projects or goals. The amount of time spent in production mode depends on the band’s degree of “membership” in the music industry. Moreover, a band member forms and actualizes identities of colleague, creator, entrepreneur, friend, hobbyist and professional, in differing combinations, situations and modes. Furthermore, the members’ most significant challenges relate to identity dilemmas.

    Based on these findings, the thesis formulates a model for a rock band’s learning trajectory and argues that a band may develop as it approaches, or becomes a more central member in, the music industry. This development demands increased public success and organizational ability: the band members’ ability to form business-oriented practices, to participate uniformly in an overarching community of practice, and to be flexible as they must identify with, and ascribe meaning to, a variety of activities in different and sometimes contradictory ways.

    The thesis concludes that the challenges of persistence as a rock band or similar group relates chiefly to group member difficulties in identifying with different activities and situations that are necessary to sustain and develop as a collective. Eventually, individual members tend to handle the experience of uncertainty and ambivalence by holding on to one singular identity, which may prevent group development, foster intra- and interpersonal tensions, and ultimately can lead to significant conflicts and/or a band’s breakup.

    Read more about Konsten att hålla ihop
  • Från album till låtar: tio år med Spotify

    2019. Tobias Malm. Starka tillsammans, 199-208

    Chapter

    I detta kapitel vill jag belysa hur tio år med Spotify har inneburit förändrade förutsättningar för att vara ett band. Jag kommer också att fundera något över hur detta kan tänkas påverka framtidens musikliv och dess folkbildande potential inom civilsamhället. Med band menar jag i första hand så kallade ”originalband”, det vill säga små musikgrupper som organiserar sig själva och i huvudsak är inriktade på egenskrivet låtmaterial. Jag talar alltså om en stor och på många sätt ”underjordisk” verksamhet som alltsedan sin populariserings-boom under 1960-talet har ägt rum i källare, garage, skolor, fritidsgårdar och musikhus, samt på scener, i studios, turnébilar- och bussar, backstageloger, musikaffärer, och inte minst i dagdrömmar och storslagna planer. Många musikanter formar sina första band i tidiga tonåren, och där var jag själv inget undantag. Av de internationellt framgångsrika musiker och producenter som har satt vårt lilla land på kartan och banat väg för uttrycket ”det svenska musikundret”, är det många som har en bakgrund inom bandlivet. Att ha ett band kan vara att umgås med kompisar kring ett särskilt musikintresse, till exempel indie pop eller death metal, och samtidigt ett fritt och frivilligt sätt lära sig musikens hantverk. Men band handlar lika mycket om att lära sig att fungera som en liten organisation tillsammans – något som jag fokuserar särskilt på i min forskning.

    Read more about Från album till låtar
  • Recognizing the practitioner-self

    2018. Tobias Malm. Journal of Organizational Ethnography 7 (2), 135-146

    Article

    Purpose

    The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss some of the possibilities and risks that one can encounter in the process of doing ethnographic organization research with an at-home approach.

    Design/methodology/approach

    The paper draws on self-reflexive analyses of a four-year research process, where the author – a rock musician – investigated how rock bands within the author’s social networks organize their activities. The materials used for analysis were notes and diaries, as well as reflections on memories.

    Findings

    The findings illustrate aspects of the researcher’s “breaking out” process, which involved the researcher’s initial impulse to leave his practitioner-self, a subsequent lack of interest and eventually a return to what felt genuinely intriguing for him to study. The paper argues that one important aspect of the at-home researcher’s breaking out process may involve an active recognition of his/her practitioner-self as a resource – not least to avoid losing interest or getting lost in abstractions.

    Originality/value

    This paper conceptualizes and builds further upon previous discussions on at-home research, adding insights into the “breaking out” process and the curious paradox of the proposed necessity for the researcher to leave and utilize his/her at-home experience and familiarity.

    Read more about Recognizing the practitioner-self
  • Från källarband till småföretag: kreativitet och entreprenörskap i popband

    2018. Tobias Malm, Camilla Thunborg. Den lärande organisationen 2.0, 99-127

    Chapter

    Kreativitet och entreprenörskap är något som ses som allt viktigare inom dagens arbets- och samhällsliv. I Sverige framhålls ofta musik-, datorspels- och modebranschen som särskilt framgångsrika i ett internationellt perspektiv. På musikens område tar sig detta bl.a. uttryck i att regeringen årligen tilldelar svenska artister och grupper ett musikexportpris och lyfter fram dessa som viktiga ambassadörer för vårt nationella varumärke. Det faktum att ett litet land som Sverige brukar räknas som världens tredje musikexportnation efter USA och Storbritannien, har delvis gett upphov till uttrycket det svenska musikundret. Popband kan dock sägas växa fram i gränslandet mellan marknad och civilsamhälle, professionell kontra hobbyverksamhet samt mellan arbete och fritid, vilket bakom all framgång och statistik handlar om en social verklighet som lätt hamnar under den mediala och ekonomiska ”radarn”. Den synliga musikbranschen kan beskrivas som toppen på ett isberg som till stora delar består av små självorganiserade grupper, exempelvis pop- och rockband. Mot bakgrund av att sådana grupper traditionellt inte fokuserar på företagande och kommersialism, kan de tänkas möta en rad utmaningar då de formas till ett självständigt småföretag. I detta kapitel avser vi belysa i vad mån och på vilket sätt små självorganiserade, kreativa grupper kan ses som lärande organisationer.

    Read more about Från källarband till småföretag
  • Becoming a rock band

    2017. Tobias Malm.

    Article

    Rock bands feature increasingly in music education. They are essential parts of popular culture and are increasingly highlighted as entrepreneurial organizations in a global music industry. However, to develop and stay together as a band is a difficult task. This study aims to develop an understanding of the challenges of becoming a rock band, shedding new light on previously underexplored complexities of band life by considering the impact of group identities. The methodology entails storytelling and identity work, inspired by a biographical approach. Six explorative interviews with band members were conducted. The results suggest that productive activities form several kinds of work group identities, whereas low-activity periods threaten group identification. The article discusses how diversity of group identities promotes development while uniformity promotes stability. To cope with this paradox, this article suggests that band members ought to learn to develop multiple group identities and flexible ways of relating to one another.

    Read more about Becoming a rock band

Show all publications by Tobias Malm at Stockholm University