Maintaining the public good of biosecurity means disposing of alien, invasive, feral, pest and public hazard animals. These out-of-place animals are culled as part of UN and EU goals to protect biodiversity, agricultural assemblages and maintain public health in sustainable cities, but the practices and principles that comprise their culling in everyday work are often shrouded in obscurity.

We ask: what values, norms and knowledges guide pest controllers and hunters engaged in culling? We examine how pest controllers’ and hunters’ shared norms and categorizations, urban and rural geographies and animal agency impact the animal’s relative ‘killability’. This will also enable an analysis of how and to what extent the practice of culling corresponds with policies regarding city planning, biodiversity and animal welfare.

The study involves ethnographic engagement and in-depth interviews with two communities that come to be seen as ‘the garbage collectors of society’, containing zoonoses, animal attacks, damage to agricultural assemblages and protecting native biota. Mapping culling norms among pest controllers and hunters is an important contribution to both the ethics and politics of killing: for whom, when, and for what good this is justifiable in society.