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Geological Sciences

Geological Sciences provide scientific knowledge and an understanding of planet Earth as an evolving system and thus include a wide range of disciplines.

These involve studies of the planet’s composition, the dynamic processes from core to crust, the distribution and cycling of chemical elements, the planet’s history from its formation to the present day and the conditions and variations of the oceans and atmosphere. Geological Sciences include the study of the interactions over geologic time among the five major components of the Earth System – geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere.

view of geological coast with icebergs and sea ice, dramatic clouds

Climate change over time

Studying climate and climate change involves exploring long-term patterns and variations in weather conditions over time and in different places of the Earth.

Climate change over time

Earth's surface processes

We study how landscapes are shaped and changed over time through natural processes such as erosion, weathering and colonization of plants and animals, as well as how human activity affects these processes through land use and climate change.

Earth's surface processes

Geochemistry

This is the study of planetary chemical processes. The field encompasses the study of organic, inorganic chemistry and biogeochemical processes.

Geochemistry

Geology

The field embraces the study of planet Earth as a dynamic system through integrated applications of geological, geochemical and geophysical methods.

Geology

continental transform fault in Scottland

Marine Geology

The field embraces the study of the geology and history (paleoceanography, paleoclimatology, marine cryosphere) of the oceans using marine sediment archives.

Marine Geology

Icebreaker Oden in Petermann fjord, 2019. Photo: Martin Jakobsson

Permafrost-biogeochemistry-climate Interactions

The Arctic is warming 3-4 times faster than the global average and already now shows rapid thaw of land and subsea permafrost, vegetation shifts, increased coastal erosion, sea ice decline and changes in ocean currents.