Jag har mest arbetat med longitudinell forskning inom området beteende och personlighet, med neuropsykologiska och psykobiologiska indikatorer på vulnerabilitet för utvecklandet av problem inom sjukdomsrelaterade livsstilar och 'disinhibitorisk psykopatologi', och handlett nio doktorander till disputation (1996-2018).

Under perioden 2000-2016 arbetade jag även med spridning av forskningsresultaten för främjandet av förebyggande arbete och insatser för riskgrupper ('Universitetets tredje uppgift') genom sammanfattande skrifter och muntliga presentationer i regi huvudsakligen av Socialdepartementet; Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting (SKL); Myndigheter (Kriminalvården, Skolverket); Riksförbund (SMART, RFMA); Samarbetsråd (KSAN); Samverkansgrupper (Drogfri Framtid); och Studieförbund (ABF, NBV).

Min forskning fokuserar på bristande impulskontroll, hyperaktivt beteende, uppmärksamhets- och kognitiva problem som viktiga medverkande faktorer i utvecklingen mot psykosociala störningar, som t ex ätstörningar, antisocialt beteende, psykopati, missbruk och våld. Senare studier utforskar olika aspekter av personligheten som moderatorer i situationer av upplevd stress och utveckling mot post-traumatisk stress; psykobiologiska markörer; och mäns våld mot kvinnor i ljuset av en missbrukspoblematik.

I urval från Stockholms universitets publikationsdatabas

• Dopamine-related receptors, substance dependence, behavioral problems and personality among juvenile delinquents

  2021. Vladislav Ruchkin (et al.). Personality and Individual Differences 169

  Artikel

  The objective was two-fold: to examine possible associations between dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms and (1) substance dependence; and (2) self-reported psychiatric disturbances, behavioral problems, and personality. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP: s) in COMT, DAT and DRD4 was conducted in 174 Russian male juvenile inmates (14–18 years of age) subdivided into having a diagnosis of substance dependence or not, as assessed by using K-SADS-PL. The inmates completed several self-reports assessing psychiatric symptoms (CPTS-RI, BDI), behavioral problems (YSR), and personality traits (TCI). Results revealed that juveniles meeting the criteria for substance dependence differed significantly from their counterparts in four polymorphisms, namely COMT rs737865, DAT rs6347, DRD4 C_1611535 and DRD4 exon III; and exact binary regression analysis indicated a highly significant association between the DRD4 C_1611535 GG genotype and substance dependence. One-way ANOVA tests further showed this gene polymorphism variant to be significantly associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress, thought problems, aggressive behavior, and personality traits indicating antisocial personality disturbances, as compared with the other gene polymorphism variants. In conclusion, the results underscore the role of the DRD4 polymorphism C_1611535 GG genotype for substance dependence, and suggest its associations with different self-reported phenotype characteristics.

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• Facets of Male Violence Against Women With Substance Abuse Problems

  2018. Ulla Beijer (et al.). Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33 (9), 1391-1411

  Artikel

  The aims of this study were to investigate the type and extent to which women with substance abuse problems have been exposed to male violence during their lifetime, and to examine possible differences between women with a residence (WR) and homeless women (HW). The total sample included 79 women (WR, n = 35; HW, n = 44; M age = 47.8 years). Of the total sample, 72 women (91%) had experienced different kinds of male violence, 88% from former partners, and 26% from male friends or acquaintances. Of the 72 women, 71% further reported “Countless occasions of violent events,” and 36% had been forced to commit criminal acts. Abused women who had been forced to commit criminal acts were significantly more frequently found to be homeless, have reported parental alcohol and/or drug problems, have witnessed domestic violence in childhood, have been victims of sexual violence, have used illicit drugs as a dominant preparation, and have injected illicit drugs. Almost half of the abused women (46%) met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where HW showed an almost 4-time higher risk (RR 3.78) than WR. In conclusion there is a particular vulnerability in women with substance abuse to male violence, which has an important impact on their health status. Thus, from a public health perspective, it is suggested that for those women who have experienced male violence, treatment protocols need to include both assessing and addressing the impact of such experience in relation to substance abuse as well as concomitant health concerns.

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• Smoking habits – Associations with personality/behavior, platelet monoamine oxidase activity and plasma thyroid hormone levels

  2017. Britt af Klinteberg (et al.). Personality and Individual Differences 118, 71-76

  Artikel

  The objective was to outline results from our scientific studies on the associations among childhood behavior, adult personality, and biochemical factors in smoking habits. The studies consisted of: (1) follow-up of young criminals and controls, subdivided into risk for antisocial behavior groups, based on childhood rating levels of a projective test; and adult smoking habit groups; and (2) a large group of young adults examined on the same inventories. Personality in terms of KSP and EPQ-I scale scores, controlled for intelligence, indicated that the high and very high risk groups displayed significantly higher self-rated impulsiveness, anxiety, and nonconformity, as compared to the low risk group. Further, the very high risk group subjects, found to be overrepresented among subjects with heavy smoking habits, displayed lower mean platelet MAO-B activity and higher thyroid hormone levels than the low risk group. Thus, the higher the childhood risk for antisocial behavior, the clearer the adult personality pattern making subjects more disposed for smoking appeared; and the higher smoking habits, the stronger the relationships with biochemical measures. Results are discussed in terms of possible underlying mechanisms influencing personality and smoking habits.

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• Quality of Life in Different Male Offender Groups – Possible Underlying Effects of Intelligence and Psychopathic Tendencies

  2016. M. Väfors Fritz (et al.). Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology 4 (2)

  Artikel

  The role of psychopathic tendencies and intelligence on Quality of life (QoL) ratings in different male offender groups was explored. Participants were 199 Swedish males with a history of criminality at age 11-14 and matched controls from the longitudinal project Young Lawbreakers as Adults. Based on registered crimes prior to 15 years and up to 34 years of age, four criminal groups were yielded: non-criminals (NC); adolescence-limited (AL); persistent (P); and adult-onset (AO). The QoL construct consists of the following dimensions: Self-perception, Psychological health, Family, Children, Education, Work, and Finances, all self-rated at age 38-41 when also psychopathic tendencies were clinically assessed using the Psychopathy Check List (PCL). The P group reported lower QoL in all dimensions compared to the NC and AL groups and lower QoL regarding Family and Education than the AO group. When controlling for psychopathic tendencies, the group differences in QoL regarding Self-perception and Children was no longer significant. Generally, individuals with higher IQ scores rated higher QoL than individuals with lower IQ scores. IQ however did not explain the divergence in QoL between offender groups. Psychopathic tendencies are suggested to overtake the importance of group belonging regarding the QoL dimensions of Self-perception and Children.

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• Exploring possible association between D beta H genotype (C1021T), early onset of conduct disorder and psychopathic traits in juvenile delinquents

  2016. Johan Isaksson (et al.). European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 266 (8), 771-773

  Artikel

  Early onset of conduct disorder (CD) with callous-unemotional traits has been linked to low levels of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), an enzyme involved in dopamine turnover. The C1021T polymorphism in the DβH gene is a major quantitative-trait locus, regulating the level of DβH. In this study of juvenile delinquents from Northern Russia (n = 180), the polymorphism at -1021 was associated neither with early-onset CD nor with psychopathic traits. Association was found between psychopathic traits and early-onset CD, ADHD and mania.

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