Oskar NybergForskningsassistent
Om mig
Mitt doktorandarbete fokuserar på att utvärdera delar av metoder som används vid mätning av hållbarhet av produkter, mer specifikt fisk odlad i vattenbruk.
Vattenbruk visar stor potential för att tillgodose näringsriktig mat till en växande global population. Tyvärr finns många negativa miljö- och hållbarhetsaspekter associerade till vattenbruk. Användningen av antibiotika vid uppfödning av akvatiska organismer lyfts som ett växande problem på en global skala på grund av riskerna för utvecklingen av antibiotikaresistens inom humanpatogena bakterier.
Livscykelanalys (eng. Life cycle assessment; LCA: ISO 14040) är ett modelleringsverktyg vanligen använt för att utvärdera miljöpåverkan från produktkedjor och kan används vid utvärdering av hållbarhet av vattenbruk. Detta verktyg kommer att utvärderas för sin lämplighet till att användas för modellering av miljöpåverkan av antibiotika som används inom vattenbrukssektorn.
Trots att antibiotikaresistensutveckling lyfts som ett globalt problem saknas en generell samspelthet inom den vetenskapliga sfären hur man kan mäta och utvärdera konsekvenserna av användningen av antibiotika inom vattenbruk. Tids- och geografisk skala är av stor vikt att betänka när det kommer till utvärderingen av riskerna med antibiotikaanvändning inom vattenbruk, få direkta- och korttids effekter kan identifieras. Dock är mekanismerna bakom antibiotikaresistensutveckling i vattenmiljöer, spridningen därav och konnektiviteten till mänskliga födoresurser att identifiera som globala långtidsproblem.
Personer involverade i projektet:
Handledare: Michael Tedengren
Bitr. handledare: Prof. Nils Kautsky
Bitr. handledare: Dr. Patrik Henriksson
Publikationer
I urval från Stockholms universitets publikationsdatabas
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Characterizing antibiotics in LCA-a review of current practices and proposed novel approaches for including resistance
2021. Oskar Nyberg (et al.). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
ArtikelLäs mer om Characterizing antibiotics in LCA-a review of current practices and proposed novel approaches for including resistancePurpose: With antibiotic resistance (ABR) portrayed as an increasing burden to human health, this study reviews how and to what extent toxicological impacts from antibiotic use are included in LCAs and supplement this with two novel approaches to include ABR, a consequence of antibiotic use, into the LCA framework.
Methods: We review available LCA studies that deal with toxicological aspects of antibiotics to evaluate how these impacts from antibiotics have been characterized. Then, we present two novel approaches for including ABR-related impacts in life cycle impact assessments (LCIAs). The first approach characterizes the potential for ABR enrichment in the environmental compartment as a mid-point indicator, based on minimum selective concentrations for pathogenic bacteria. The second approach attributes human health impacts as an endpoint indictor, using quantitative relationships between the use of antibiotics and human well-being.
Results and discussion: Our findings show that no LCA study to date have accounted for impacts related to ABR. In response, we show that our novel mid-point indicator approach could address this by allowing ABR impacts to be characterized for environmental compartments. We also establish cause-effect pathways between antibiotic use, ABR, and human well-being that generate results which are comparable with USEtox and most endpoint impact assessment approaches for human toxicology.
Conclusions: Our proposed methods show that currently overlooked impacts from ABR enrichment in the environment could be captured within the LCA framework as a robust characterization methodology built around the established impact model USEtox. Substantial amounts of currently unavailable data are, however, needed to calculate emissions of antibiotics into the environment, to develop minimum selective concentrations for non-pathogenic bacteria, and to quantify potential human health impacts from AB use.
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Poultry manure fertilization of Egyptian aquaculture ponds brings more cons than pros
2024. Oskar Nyberg (et al.). Aquaculture 590
ArtikelLäs mer om Poultry manure fertilization of Egyptian aquaculture ponds brings more cons than prosAquaculture is a crucial sector for Egyptian food production, providing a cheap source of animal protein while securing income and employment for a substantial part Egypt's population. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most commonly produced fish, usually farmed in earthen ponds around the Northern Delta Lakes. A common practice among farms is to fertilize ponds with chicken manure (CM) in order to increase nutrient levels and promote phytoplankton, consumed by the fish. However, with reports of use of antibiotics in Egypt's poultry sector, and that CM contains residues of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are production benefits large enough to compensate a potential health hazard?
Using production data from 501 aquaculture farms and fish pond sediment from 28 ponds we evaluated potential benefits in yields and profitability for farms using CM for fertilization, and used qPCRs to screen sediments for three antibiotic resistance genes coding for resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics in the poultry sector. The analysis showed no significant benefits to fish yields or profitability in farms where CM was applied, but a risk of significantly increased nutrient loads. Meanwhile, we detected increased abundances of tetA and tetW resistance genes in fish pond sediment where CM was applied. With the risk of disseminating ARGs and causing eutrophication of local waterways, we recommend that Egyptian tilapia pond farmers refrain from using CM and adopt best management practices for increasing farm profitability in order to to reduce environmental and health hazards.
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