Per CarlbringProfessor
About me
Professor Carlbring has published around 300 research papers and is the Editor-in-Chief of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (impact factor 5.17).
Learn more about Professor Per Carlbring's research on his research blog.
Phone: +46-70-666 7 666.
Research projects
Publications
A selection from Stockholm University publication database
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Närmare varandra
2018. Maria Burman (et al.).
BookRelationsproblem är vanliga och påverkar oss på många plan. Denna självhjälpsbok får par att se hur problemen inte ligger hos den ena eller andra partnern utan uppstår i samspelet mellan dem. Paren guidas till att hitta mönster och ömma punkter i sitt samspel och får hjälp att bygga vidare på styrkor de har som par.
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Ingen panik
2013. Per Carlbring, Åsa Hanell.
BookPulsen ökar. Du börjar svettas, darra. Får kvävningskänslor. Känner dig illamående och får svindel ? du blir rädd för att mista kontrollen eller till och med dö. Allt detta är vanliga symtom för de cirka 200 000 svenskar som lider av paniksyndrom. Forskning visar att KBT vid paniksyndrom medför att mellan 80 och 95 procent är diagnosfria efter tio veckors behandling. Eftersom samma goda resultat ses vid självhjälpsbehandling talar mycket för att även den som använder den här boken ska kunna bli fri från sina problem. Denna andra utgåva har uppdaterade forskningsresultat och ett nytt avsnitt om hur man förebygger och hanterar bakslag med hjälp av Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Boken är i första hand en självhjälpsbok, men kan med fördel läsas av terapeuter som vill lära sig bedriva KBT-behandling vid paniksyndrom.
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Internetbaserad psykologisk behandling
2014. Erik Hedman (et al.).
BookInternetbaserad psykologisk behandling ökar tillgängligheten till vård med god effekt och bidrar samtidigt till förståelsen för vad som är verksamt i psykoterapi. Bokens författare är pionjärer inom området, och delar här med sig av sin erfarenhet från både forskning och klinisk verksamhet. De berättar vad som är centralt vid internetbehandling ur ett terapeutiskt såväl som juridiskt och tekniskt perspektiv: Hur avgör man vilka klienter som är lämpliga? Hur sker kontakten mellan terapeut och klient på ett säkert sätt? Vad utmärker en bra internetbehandlare? De går även igenom de kliniska program som utvecklats för olika ångestsyndrom, depression och beteendemedicinska problem samt evidensläget för respektive diagnos. Boken vänder sig till studerande och yrkesverksamma inom psykoterapi, psykiatri och primärvård.
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Handbok för oglada
2016. Lars Ström, Per Carlbring.
BookÄr du deprimerad, nedstämd eller bara oglad i största allmänhet? Då är du långt ifrån ensam! Idag räknar man med att uppemot 25 procent av kvinnorna och 10 procent av männen någon gång kommer att vara kliniskt deprimerade. Till det kommer ett mycket stort antal människor som “bara” är nedstämda eller oglada! Även om det är skrämmande siffror kan man samtidigt konstatera att det inte behöver vara på det viset! Idag finns nämligen en många verktyg som effektivt påverkar ens mående på ett postivt sätt. I denna bok får du tillgång till en lång rad av dessa metoder och strategier. De flesta har sin utgångspunkt i kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT), och alla är sådana som i forskning har visat sig ge en tydlig effekt för att minska nedstämdhet och depression – och skapa ökad livsglädje! Boken är förhoppningsvis även användbar för dig som arbetar med vård av människor, och den innehåller både förklaringsmodeller och arbetsformulär som kan användas i den egna verksamheten. Alla bokens formulär kan också laddas ner från www.kbtakademin.se och användas fritt.
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Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders
2018. Per Carlbring (et al.). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 47 (1), 1-18
ArticleDuring the last two decades, Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has been tested in hundreds of randomized controlled trials, often with promising results. However, the control groups were often waitlisted, care-as-usual or attention control. Hence, little is known about the relative efficacy of ICBT as compared to face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, which included 1418 participants, guided ICBT for psychiatric and somatic conditions were directly compared to face-to-face CBT within the same trial. Out of the 2078 articles screened, a total of 20 studies met all inclusion criteria. Results showed a pooled effect size at post-treatment of Hedges g = .05 (95% CI, −.09 to .20), indicating that ICBT and face-to-face treatment produced equivalent overall effects. Study quality did not affect outcomes. While the overall results indicate equivalence, there have been few studies of the individual psychiatric and somatic conditions so far, and for the majority, guided ICBT has not been compared against face-to-face treatment. Thus, more research, preferably with larger sample sizes, is needed to establish the general equivalence of the two treatment formats.
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The Consequences of Ignoring Therapist Effects in Trials With Longitudinal Data
2018. Kristoffer Magnusson, Gerhard Andersson, Per Carlbring. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 86 (9), 711-725
ArticleObjective: Psychotherapy trials frequently generate multilevel longitudinal data with 3 levels. This type of hierarchy exists in all trials in which therapists deliver the treatment and patients are repeatedly measured. Unfortunately, researchers often ignore the possibility that therapists could differ in their performance and instead assume there is no difference between therapists in their average impact on patients' rate of change. In this article, we focus on scenarios in which therapists are fully and partially nested within treatments and investigate the consequences of ignoring even small therapist effects in longitudinal data.
Method: We first derived the factors leading to increased Type I errors for the Time x Treatment effect in a balanced study. Scenarios with an unbalanced allocation of patients to therapists and studies with missing data were then investigated in a comprehensive simulation study, in which the correct 3-level linear mixed-effects model, which modeled therapist effects using a random slope at the therapist level, was compared with a misspecified 2-level model.
Results: Type I errors were strongly influenced by several interacting factors. Estimates of the therapist-level random slope suffer from bias when there are very few therapists per treatment.
Conclusion: Researchers should account for therapist effects in the rate of change in longitudinal studies. To facilitate this, we developed an open source R package powerlmm, which makes it easy to investigate model misspecification and conduct power analysis for these designs.
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Do You Believe It? Verbal Suggestions Influence the Clinical and Neural Effects of Escitalopram in Social Anxiety Disorder
2017. Vanda Faria (et al.). EBioMedicine 24, 179-188
ArticleBackground: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety, but their efficacy relative to placebo has been questioned. We aimed to test how manipulation of verbally induced expectancies, central for placebo, influences SSRI treatment outcome and brain activity in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD).
Methods: We did a randomized clinical trial, within an academic medical center (Uppsala, Sweden), of individuals fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for SAD, recruited through media advertising. Participants were 18 years or older and randomized in blocks, through a computer-generated sequence by an independent party, to nine weeks of overt or covert treatment with escitalopram(20 mg daily). The overt group received correct treatment information whereas the covert group was treated deceptively with the SSRI described, by the psychiatrist, as active placebo. The treating psychiatrist was necessarily unmasked while the research staff was masked from intervention assignment. Treatment efficacy was assessed primarily with the self-rated Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR), administered at week 0, 1, 3, 6 and 9, also yielding a dichotomous estimate of responder status (clinically significant improvement). Before and at the last week of treatment, brain activity during an emotional face-matching task was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and during fMRI sessions, anticipatory speech anxiety was also assessed with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State version (STAI-S). Analyses included all randomized patients with outcome data at posttreatment. This study is registered at ISRCTN, number 98890605.
Findings: Between March 17th 2014 and May 22nd 2015, 47 patients were recruited. One patient in the covert group dropped out after a few days of treatment and did not provide fMRI data, leaving 46 patients with complete outcome data. After nine weeks of treatment, overt (n = 24) as compared to covert (n = 22) SSRI administration yielded significantly better outcome on the LSAS-SR (adjusted difference 21.17, 95% CI 10.69–31.65, p < 0.0001) with more than three times higher response rate (50% vs. 14%; χ2(1) = 6.91, p = 0.009) and twice the effect size (d = 2.24 vs. d = 1.13) from pre-to posttreatment. There was no significant between-group difference on anticipatory speech anxiety (STAI-S), both groups improving with treatment. No serious adverse reactions were recorded. On fMRI outcomes, there was suggestive evidence for a differential neural response to treatment between groups in the posterior cingulate, superior temporal and inferior frontal gyri (all z thresholds exceeding 3.68, p ≤ 0.001). Reduced social anxiety with treatment correlated significantly with enhanced posterior cingulate (z threshold 3.24, p = 0.0006) and attenuated amygdala (z threshold 2.70, p = 0.003) activity.
Interpretation: The clinical and neural effects of escitalopram were markedly influenced by verbal suggestions. This points to a pronounced placebo component in SSRI-treatment of SAD and favors a biopsychosocial over a biomedical explanatory model for SSRI efficacy.
Show all publications by Per Carlbring at Stockholm University