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Felipe Estrada DörnerPrefekt

Om mig

Prefekt och professor vid Kriminologiska institutionen.

I min forskning behandlar jag centrala kriminologiska områden, som brottsutveckling, kriminalpolitik, utsatthet och oro för brott, ojämlika livschanser, segregation och ungdomsbrottslighet.

De problem jag studerat handlar om hur man ska mäta brottslighetens omfattning och utveckling. Vad är våld och hur ska den kraftiga ökningen av brottsanmälningar förklaras? Vilka metoder är tillämpbara och vilka felkällor måste undvikas när ungdomsbrott ska beskrivas? Hur ska kriminalpolitikens förändring under de senaste 40 åren förstås? Vilka grupper i samhället är mest utsatta för ofärd och vilka faktorer påverkar den ojämlika utsattheten för brott? Hur påverkar boendesegregationen människors erfarenheter av brott och hur mäter man i så fall sådana områdeseffekter? För tillfället är jag engagerad i ett stort projekt som rör hur ojämlikhet i livschanser hänger ihop med brott.

Svaren på dessa frågor är naturligtvis komplexa och de analysmetoder och teorier som krävs för att belysa dem är mångsidiga. I min forskning har jag kunnat ge vissa svar men dessa problem kräver fortsatt kunskapsutveckling och detta är något vi arbetar med på Kriminologiska institutionen på Stockholms universitet.

Undervisning

Undervisningområden: för närvarande prefekt och har inget kursansvar.

Forskning

Forskningsområden: Brottslighetens struktur och utveckling, kriminalpolitik, social exkludering, ungdomsbrottslighet, longitudinella studier.

Nuvarande forskningsprojekt

Den ojämlika brottsligheten

Kvinnors brottslighet som socialt problem

Mot inkludering eller exkludering?

Jag bevakar också frågor som rör brottsutvecklingen, ungdomsbrottslighet samt våld som samhällsproblem.

Publikationer

Estrada, F (2018). Ungdomar och kriminalitet, i Johansson och Sorbring (red), Barn och ungdomsvetenskap, sid 558-576. Liber.

Alm, S and Estrada, F (2018). Future Prospects, Deprivation, and Criminality – A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Deviant behavior.

Bäckman, Estrada, Nilsson (2017). Locked up and locked out? The impact of imprisonment on labour market attachment. British Journal of Criminology.

Bäckman, O., Estrada, F., & Nilsson, A. (2017). Substance abuse, crime and the life course. The Routledge International Handbook of Life-Course Criminology, 342-359.

Nilsson, A., Estrada, F., & Bäckman, O. (2017). The unequal crime drop: Changes over time in the distribution of crime among individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds. European Journal of Criminology

Aaltonen, M., Skardhamar, T., Nilsson, A., Andersen, L. H., Bäckman, O., Estrada, F., & Danielsson, P. (2016). Comparing Employment Trajectories before and after First Imprisonment in Four Nordic Countries. British Journal of Criminology.

Estrada, Felipe, Olof Bäckman, and Anders Nilsson. 2016, "The Darker Side of Equality? The Declining Gender Gap in Crime: Historical Trends and an Enhanced Analysis of Staggered Birth Cohorts." British Journal of Criminology: adv.access. azv114.

Bäckman, O., Estrada, F., Nilsson, A., and Shannon, D. (2014). The life course of young male and female offenders – stability or change between different birth cohorts? British Journal of Criminology, 54 (3): 393-410.

Nilsson, A. Estrada, F. och Bäckman, O.  (2014). Offending, drug abuse and life chances—a longitudinal study of a Stockholm birth cohort. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention.

Shannon, Bäckman, Estrada, och Nilsson (2014). "Youth and Crime in Sweden." I Oxford Handbooks Online. New York: Oxford University Press.

Felipe Estrada, Janne Flyghed, Anders Nilsson och Karin Bäckman (2014). Why are occupational safety crimes increasing? Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention.

Nilsson, A., Bäckman, O., och Estrada, F (2013).  Involvement in crime, individual resources and structural constraints. Processes of cumulative (dis)advantage in a Stockholm birth cohort. British Journal of Criminology 53, 297-318.

Bäckman, K, Estrada, F, Flyghed, J & Nilsson, A (2013). Arbetsmiljöbrottens omfattning, struktur och utveckling. Arbetsmiljöverket, Rapport 2013:4.

Estrada, F. & Nilsson, A. (2012): Does it cost more to be a female offender? Feminist Criminology

Nilsson, A. & Estrada, F. (2011): “Established or excluded? A longitudinal study of criminality, work and family formation”, European Journal of Criminology.

Estrada, F. & Nilsson, A. (2011). Fattigdom, segregation och brott i Alm m. fl (red). Utanförskap. Dialogos och Institutet för Framtidsstudier.

Estrada, F. (2010):Våld  Våld som (bra) samhällsproblem. (308 Kb) Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, 97:3, s. 320-334.

Wikman, S., Estrada, F., och Nilsson, A. (2010): Våld i arbetslivet – en kriminologisk kunskapsöversikt. (769 Kb) Rapport 2010:4

Estrada, F. Nilsson, A., Jerre, K och Wikman, S. (2010). Violence at work- the emergence of a social problem (PDF). Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention.

Nilsson, A och Estrada, F (2009). Kriminalitet och livschanser. Uppväxtvillkor, brottslighet och levnadsförhållanden som vuxen. Arbetsrapport, Institutet för Framtidsstudier; 2009:20. In English: Criminality and life-chances. Department of Criminology Report series 2009:3.

Estrada, F., Granath, S., Shannon, D och Törnqvist, N (2009): Grövre våld i skolan. Brå-rapport 2009:6. Stockholm. Brottsförebyggande rådet.

Estrada, F och Granath, S. (2008): ”Ungdomsbrottslighet”, i Brottsutvecklingen i Sverige fram till 2007. Brå-rapport 2008:23. Stockholm: Brottsförebyggande rådet.

Estrada, F. (2008): ”Misshandel”, i Brottsutvecklingen i Sverige fram till 2007. Brå-rapport 2008:23. Stockholm: Brottsförebyggande rådet.

Estrada och Nilsson (2008): Segregation and victimisation. Neighbourhood resources, individual risk factors and exposure to property crime. European Journal of Criminology, 2008 5: 193-216.

Estrada, F och Flyghed, J (red) (2001 [2007]): Den svenska ungdomsbrottsligheten. Studentlitteratur. [Reviderad andra upplaga publiceras hösten 2007].

Estrada, Nilsson och Wikman (2007): Det ökade våldet i arbetslivet. En analys utifrån de svenska offerundersökningarna, Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, 94:56-73.

Estrada, F. och Eriksson, L (2007): Ungdomar och brott i Sveriges län. Brå-rapport 2007:30. Stockholm: Brottsförebyggande rådet.

Nilsson, A. och Estrada, F. (2007) Risky neighbourhood or individuals at risk? The significance of neighbourhood conditions for violent victimisation in residentia. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, vol 8, 2-21.

Kölegård Stjärne, M, Fritzell, J, Brännström, L, Estrada, F och Nilsson, A (2007) Boendesegregationens utveckling och konsekvenser. Socialvetenskaplig Tidskrift, 14(2-3):153-178.

Estrada, F. och Nilsson, A. (2007): Ojämlikhet och utsatthet för brott – ett bidrag till forskningen om brottslighet och levnadsnivå". I von Hofer, H och Nilsson, A (red). Brott i välfärden. Om brottslighet, utsatthet och kriminalpolitik. Festskrift till Henrik Tham. Kriminologiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet.

Estrada, F. och Nilsson, A (2006): Segregation och utsatthet för egendomsbrott. Arbetsrapport/Institutet för Framtidsstudier. 2006:5.

Estrada, F. (2006): Trends in violence in Scandinavia according to different indicators. British Journal of Criminology, vol 46:3; 486-504.

Nilsson, A. och Estrada, F. (2006): “The Inequality of Victimisation. Trends in exposure to crime among rich and poor”, European Journal of Criminology, vol 3:4; 387-412.

Sarnecki, J och Estrada, F. (2006): “Keeping the Balance between Humanism and Penal Punitivism -Recent trends in Juvenile delinquency and Juvenile justice in Sweden,” in Josine Junger-Tas and Scott H. Decker, Handbook of International Juvenile Justice, Dordrecht, Springer

Nilsson A. och Estrada F (2005): Den ojämlika utsattheten. Arbetsrapport/Institutet för Framtidsstudier; 2005:8.

Estrada F. (2005): Våldsutvecklingen i Sverige, Arbetsrapport/Institutet för Framtidsstudier; 2005:4.

Westfelt, L. och Estrada, F. (2005): International Crime Trends: Sources of Comparative Crime Data and Postwar Trends in Western Europe, I Sheptycki, J. och Wardak, A. (ed), Transnational and Comparative Criminology in a Global Context. London: Cavendish Publishing.

Estrada, F. (2004): Brottslighetens politiska dynamik – ledarsidors syn på ungdomsbrottslighet 1970-1999, i Blomberg-Kroll, H., Kroll, T., Lundström, T., och Swärd, H. (red), Sociala problem och socialpolitik i massmedier. Lund: Studentlitteratur

Estrada, F. och Nilsson, A. (2004): ”Exposure to threatening and violent behaviour among single mothers – the significance of lifestyle, neighbourhood and welfare si”, British Journal of Criminology, 44:2:168-187.

Estrada F (2004) “The Transformation of the Politics of Crime in High Crime Societies“ European Journal of Criminology, vol 1:4:419-444.

Palme, J., Bergmark, Å., Bäckman, O., Estrada, F., Fritzell, J., Lundberg, O. Sjöberg. O. Sommestad, L. och Szebehely, M (2003), “A Welfare Balance Sheet for the 1990’s”. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, supplement 60.

Nilsson, A. och Estrada, F. (2003), “Victimisation, Inequality and Welfare during an Economic Recession. A Study of Self Reported Victimisation in Sweden 1988-1999.”British Journal of Criminology, 43:4:655-672.

Palme, J., Bergmark, Å., Bäckman, O., Estrada, F., Fritzell, J., Lundberg, O. och Szebehely, M (2002), “Welfare Trends in Sweden. Balancing the Books for the 1990’s”. Journal of European Social Policy, vol 12 (4):329-346.

Estrada, F. och Tryggvesson, K (2001): ”Fotboll kräva dessa drycker. Alkohol, fotboll och manlig kamratskap”. Nordisk alkohol och narkotikatidskrift, vol 18, no.3, 245-260.

Estrada, F. (2001): ”Juvenile Violence as a Social Problem”. British Journal of Criminology, 41, 639-655 .

Estrada, F. och Nilsson, A. (2001): Brottslighet som välfärdsproblem. I Å. Bergmark, Ofärd i välfärden, SOU 2001:54. Stockholm: Fritzes.

Estrada, F. (1999): Ungdomsbrottslighet som samhällsproblem (1779 Kb) . Stockholm: Stockholms Universitet.

Estrada, F. (1999): ”Juvenile Crime Trends in Postwar Europe”. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, vol 7, no. 1, s. 5-22.

Estrada, F. (1998): ”Ungdomsbrottslighetens utveckling i efterkrigstidens Europa.” I: von Hofer, H. (red), Brottsligheten i Europa. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Ingår som kapitel i avhandlingen Ungdomsbrottslighet som samhällsproblem. Ungdomsbrottslighet som samhällsproblem. (1999).

Estrada, F. (1997): "Ungdomsvåld: upptäckten av ett samhällsproblem. Ungdomsbrottslighet i svensk dagspress 1950-1994", Sociologisk Forskning 4/97. Ingår som kapitel i avhandlingen Ungdomsbrottslighet som samhällsproblem. Utveckling, uppmärksamhet och reaktion (1999).

Forskningsprojekt

Publikationer

I urval från Stockholms universitets publikationsdatabas

  • The female offender - A century of registered crime and daily press reporting on women’s crime

    2019. Felipe Estrada, Anders Nilsson, Tove Pettersson.

    Artikel

    This article examines how women’s crime has been reflected in crime statistics and media crime reporting. We employ a long-term historical perspective, looking at developments from the beginning of the 20th century until the present. We describe the overarching processes that underlie the decline in the gender gap in convictions for theft and violent crime, respectively, at different times during the past century. The study also use a new data set comprised of newspaper articles on women’s and men’s offending published by the Swedish press between 1905 and 2015. We compare the trend in the number of articles focused on offences committed by women and men respectively, variations in the offence types that the daily press choose to report on and the overarching explanations for crime that are discussed in the articles. The results show that levels of coverage and the types of crime that attract media attention are strikingly similar for men and women, but throughout the whole period there is a greater need for the newspapers to find reasons for women’s offending. Moreover, there has been no marked increase in the press focus on women’s crime as women have comprised an increasing proportion of those convicted of criminal offences.

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  • Future Prospects, Deprivation, and Criminality – A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

    2018. Susanne Alm, Felipe Estrada. Deviant behavior 39 (10), 1280-1293

    Artikel

    The article explores the longitudinal relationship between subjective and objective deprivation in early adolescence on the one hand, and criminal offending in adolescence and early adulthood on the other. Data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study (n = 15,117), containing information from surveys and registers are used. Bivariate analyses confirm a relationship between low socioeconomic status and both subjective and objective deprivation. Subjective deprivation alone is related to offending only for those from less privileged background. Subjective and objective deprivation in combination is associated with a higher risk of offending for all individuals, although the less privileged background, the higher the risk.

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  • Locked Up and Locked Out? The Impact of Imprisonment on Labour Market Attachment

    2018. Olof Bäckman, Felipe Estrada, Anders Nilsson. British Journal of Criminology 58 (5), 1044-1065

    Artikel

    This article investigates what effects a first prison sentence has on labour market inclusion, both by comparing those sentenced to prison to the population as a whole, and by comparing groups of convicted offenders. We utilize longitudinal data on criminal sanctions and earnings available for two complete birth cohorts of Swedish men (N = 107,337). These data enable us to compare the labour market attachment of prison inmates both before and after imprisonment. Results from propensity score matching show small negative effects of imprisonment on post-release labour market attachment. Moreover, we find no effect for those without pre-sentence labour market attachment. Thus, the negative effects are restricted to those with some labour market attachment before imprisonment.

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  • Comparing Employment Trajectories before and after First Imprisonment in Four Nordic Countries

    2017. Mikko Aaltonen (et al.). British Journal of Criminology 57 (4), 828-847

    Artikel

    Employment plays a crucial role in the re-entry process and in reducing recidivism among offenders released from prison. But at the same time, imprisonment is generally regarded as harmful to post-release employment prospects. Little is known, however, about whether or not offenders’ employment trajectories before and after imprisonment are similar across countries. As a first step towards filling this gap in research, this paper provides evidence on employment trajectories before and after imprisonment in four Nordic welfare states: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Using data gathered from administrative records on incarcerated offenders, the analysis focuses on individuals imprisoned for the first time and who served a prison sentence less than one year in length. Results show that although employment trajectories develop in mostly similar ways before and after imprisonment across these countries, important differences exist.

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  • The gender gap in crime is decreasing, but who’s growing equal to whom?

    2017. Felipe Estrada, Anders Nilsson, Olof Bäckman. Sociologisk forskning 54 (4), 359-363

    Artikel

    The declining gender gap in crime, observed in many Western countries, including Sweden, is often interpreted as showing an alarming shift in the offending of young women. Explanations to the observed pattern are often based on an assumption that women are increasingly coming to mimic the criminal behaviour of men, while we in this essay argue that to the extent behavioural change is at play, it is rather the other way around: men mimic women’s behaviour.

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  • The unequal crime drop

    2017. Anders Nilsson, Felipe Estrada, Olof Bäckman. European Journal of Criminology 14 (5), 586-605

    Artikel

    Since the 1990s, many countries, including Sweden, have seen declining crime levels. In this article, we study whether this general trend is concealing differences between different social groups. In contrast to the few studies that have to date examined the issue of inequality in the crime drop, we focus on the social background of offenders rather than crime victims. We analyse register data covering three entire Swedish birth cohorts, in which convictions data have been linked to data on parental incomes. In this way, we are able to examine changes over time in the distribution of crime among individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Our results show that crime trends differ by socioeconomic background: decreases in crime (theft offences) are greater among the more affluent, and increases (violent crime) are primarily located among the lower levels of the income distribution. This produces an increasing inequality in the conviction risk, primarily among men. Different mechanisms that can contribute to an understanding of why crime has become increasingly concentrated among less affluent social groups are discussed.

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  • The Darker Side of Equality? The Declining Gender Gap in Crime

    2016. Felipe Estrada, Olof Bäckman, Anders Nilsson. British Journal of Criminology 56 (6), 1272-1290

    Artikel

    In this article, we elucidate the way the gender gap in crime has changed in Sweden since the mid-19th century. The analysis is directed at theft offences and violent crime. The long historical perspective provides a background to our analysis that focuses on the period since the 1980s. Our principal data are comprised of the registered offending of different birth cohorts. Most of the findings from our study refute the hypothesis that the declining gender gap in crime is due to an increasing number of women committing offences. Instead, the most important driving forces in recent times have been a powerful decline in the number of men convicted of theft crime and a net-widening effect causing a rise in womens’ convictions for violence.

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  • Offending, drug abuse and life chances — a longitudinal study of a Stockholm birth cohort

    2014. Anders Nilsson, Felipe Estrada, Olof Bäckman. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 15 (2), 128-142

    Artikel

    There are many factors, both empirical and theoretical, which indicate that drug abuse can play an important role in explaining the links between criminality and life chances when viewed from a life-course perspective. In this article, we examine the links between crime and drug abuse and social inclusion and exclusion in adult life, and look at whether there are gender-specific patterns in these regards. The Stockholm Birth Cohort database allows us to follow a birth cohort born in 1953 to age 56. The results show that drug abuse is central both to processes of continuity in and desistance from crime and to life chances in adulthood. For the adult outcomes that relate to work and health, we also note a tendency towards polarization; the size of both the relative and the absolute differences between the comparison group and offenders with registered drug abuse increases over time. The same general pattern can be seen for males and females.

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  • The life course of young male and female offenders

    2014. Olof Bäckman (et al.). British Journal of Criminology 54 (3), 393-410

    Artikel

    Individuals’ life chances are shaped by the times and events that they experience. This emphasizes the need for studies that focus on staggered birth cohorts. The article presents a new longitudi-nal data set that includes three complete Swedish birth cohorts, born in 1965, 1975 and 1985. Comparisons between the different birth cohorts show how offending distributions among young offenders, as well as their socio-demographic backgrounds and life chances, have developed over time. The analyses of stability and change presented in the study may serve as a point of departure for more informed discussions of the significance of societal changes for the criminality and life chances of male and female offenders.

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  • Why are occupational safety crimes increasing?

    2014. Felipe Estrada (et al.). Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 15 (1), 3-18

    Artikel

    The objective of this article is to analyse the structure of, and trends in, reported occupational safety crimes. The central focus is directed at analysing how we might understand the substantial increase in the number of reported offences witnessed during the first decade of the 21st century. In order to analyse trends in occupational safety crimes we proceed from both official crime statistics and data that have been compiled specifically for the purposes of this study, including a nationally representative sample of offence reports relating to the occupational safety crimes reported to the police. The results show that the increase in reported offenses is primarily due to a shift in definitions and in the reactions of the authorities rather than to a powerful increase in the number of actual crimes committed. This leads to the conclusion that registered occupational safety offences should first and foremost be viewed as a measure of the work of the authorities, rather than as an indicator of real crime trends.

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  • Youth and crime in Sweden

    2014. David Shannon (et al.). Oxford handbooks online

    Kapitel

    This chapter describes trends in crime among Swedish youth on the basis of both official statistics and alternative indicators, noting a decline over time both in the general level of youth involvement in crime and in the size of the gender gap, particularly in official statistics. The system of reactions to youth crime in Sweden is described, together with central reforms implemented over the past 15 years and trends in sanctioning practice since the mid-1990s. Returning to the issue of the declining gender gap, the chapter concludes by presenting new data on both justice system sanctions and childhood resources and by discussing what these data might contribute to our understanding and interpretation of the declining sex differences in officially recorded crime.

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  • Involvement in Crime, Individual Resources and Structural Constraints

    2013. Anders Nilsson, Olof Bäckman, Felipe Estrada. British Journal of Criminology 53 (2), 297-318

    Artikel

    In this article, we study how a central welfare outcome, labour market attachment, develops for different groups defined on the basis of their criminal involvement over the life course. Can we see the pattern of increasing inter-group disparities in labour market attachment that would be predicted by cumulative disadvantage theories? If so, is this a result of the criminal history of individuals or should criminal involvement be seen as one element in a negative life trajectory in a more general sense? And what role do circumstances at the structural level play in such a process? The Swedish economic recession of the 1990s and an examination of how a Stockholm cohort entered, lived through and then exited the unemployment crisis provide an opportunity to study how macro events affect different groups of individuals in a specific socio-historical situation. Our results show that both individual resources and historical events at the structural level are important when it comes to describing individual biographies and events in the life course.

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  • Unga och brott i Sverige

    2013. Olof Bäckman (et al.).

    Rapport

    I rapporten beskrivs barns och ungas utsatthet för brott samt ungdomsbrottslighetens omfattning och utveckling. Dessutom analyseras de demografiska och sociala bakgrundsfaktorerna bakom ungdomsbrottslighet.

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  • Does It Cost More to Be a Female Offender?

    2012. Felipe Estrada, Anders Nilsson. Feminist Criminology 7 (3), 196-219

    Artikel

    In this article, we use a new and rich longitudinal data set, the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study, which allows us to follow a cohort of girls and boys until they reach 48 years of age. We study differences in the social background and adult living conditions among men and women with different experiences of involvement in crime. It is clear that the female cohort members who have been registered for crime have experienced more disadvantaged childhoods than the males registered for offending. The results also indicate that involvement in crime seems to cost more for females, in terms of social exclusion.

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  • Criminality and life-chances

    2011. Anders Nilsson, Olof Bäckman, Felipe Estrada.

    Konferens

    There is currently a lack of research that is able to describe the longer term consequences of involvement in crime for broader welfare outcomes in adult life. And it exists even less analyses of how involvement in crime interacts with conditions connected both to individual-level resources and socio-historical constraints, in producing negative life outcomes in the longer term. The aim of this paper is therefore to present a study that focuses on the long term consequences of criminal involvement, and when doing this take in to consideration both individual resource deficiencies and structural constraints.

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  • Established or excluded?

    2011. Anders Nilsson, Felipe Estrada. European Journal of Criminology 8 (3), 229-245

    Artikel

    In this article we explore the longer-term implications of criminality. We look at different groups in a birth cohort defined on the basis of their level of involvement in crime. To what extent is juvenile and adult crime related to social exclusion in mid-life? We study differences in outcomes related to work and family, and whether these differences tend to grow or diminish over time. We employ a new longitudinal data set, The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study, which provides rich and unique life-course data from birth to age 48 for 14,294 girls and boys. Our results show that criminal involvement in adulthood has a negative long-term impact on the individual’s life course and career opportunities, even after having controlled for childhood conditions and drug abuse.

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  • Violence at Work - The Emeregence of a Social Problem

    2010. Felipe Estrada (et al.). Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 11 (1), 46-65

    Artikel

    This article analyses trends in violence at work on the basis of victim surveys, work-environment surveys, and press material. It proceeds from the two most common explanations of why violence at work appears to have increased over recent decades. These emphasize shifts in working conditions that have increased employees' victimization risk, and a broadened view of what is regarded as work-related violence. The empirical analyses provide support for both these explanations, and the various dimensions examined—increased reporting propensities, expanded definitions, a reduced tolerance of violence, and altered working conditions—are linked to one another.

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  • Våld som (bra) samhällsproblem

    2010. Felipe Estrada. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 97 (3), 320-334

    Artikel

    In Scandinavia, as in many other European countries, violence constitutes an important focus for the public and political debate on crime. Much of what is said in the public debate, and done in the field of criminal policy, stems from a perception that violence is on the increase. This paper challenges the view that violence is rapidly increasing. Instead it is argued that the way violence is viewed in society and the subsequent response to violent offending have changed, leading to a deviancy amplification spiral. The discussion highlights the role of neo-liberal policies and the media as actors and arena, respectively, in the reation of this altered reaction.

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  • Kriminalitet och livschanser

    2009. Anders Nilsson, Felipe Estrada.

    Rapport

    Hur ser framtiden ut för de pojkar och flickor som under tonåren registrerats för brott? I denna rapport ser vi till olika grupper definierade utifrån brottsbelastning som unga och vuxna. Vi använder oss av ett nytt longitudinellt datamaterial, gör det möjligt att följa en kohort födda 1953 fram till 48 års ålder. För de allra flesta med brottslig belastning så har det trots allt gått bra; de har arbete och familj. De individer som begått brott både som unga och vuxna, och detta gäller i synnerhet kvinnorna, hade dock påtagligt sämre välfärdssituation i medelåldern. Deras uppväxt var också svårare. Studien illustrerar såväl långsiktiga konsekvenser av ojämlika uppväxtvillkor och brottslighet som samhällets svårigheter att komma till rätta med dessa problem

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  • Segregation and victimization

    2008. Felipe Estrada, Anders Nilsson. The European Journal of Criminology 5 (2), 193-216

    Artikel

    As a means of improving our understanding of the significance of the residential

    neighbourhood, we have examined exposure to property crime, studying the

    extent to which differences in the risk of exposure to crime are related on the

    one hand to individual and household characteristics and on the other to

    neighbourhood conditions and differences in where people live. The data are

    drawn from interview surveys of living conditions, which also include a number

    of questions relating to criminal victimization. These survey data have been

    combined with register data relating to residential neighbourhoods. The focus is

    directed at different districts in urban areas, grouped on the basis of

    accumulated resource deficiencies.

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  • Det ökade våldet i arbetslivet

    2007. Felipe Estrada, Anders Nilsson, Sofia Wikman. Nordisk tidskrift for kriminalvidenskab 94 (2), 56-73

    Artikel

    Victim surveys from both Sweden and her Nordic neighbours show that the proportion reporting exposure to violence at work has increased during the 1990s. This article examines the question of how this trend should be understood. Does the increase reflect a rise in the number of people exposed to such violence, or is it rather due to an increase in the focus on violence and a broadening of the way violence is defined? On the basis of Swedish victim surveys covering the period 1984 - 2001, the article examines whether the character of this problem has changed as regards the seriousness of the violence, the occupational groups exposed to such violence, and the extent to which victims have contacted the police. The study shows that there has been an increase in exposure to threats and violence at work. This increase is found primarily in relation to violence and not to threats, among women, and in particular those working with some form of care provision. One surprising finding is that the propensity to report work-related violence has diminished somewhat, something that is not true for other types of violence. We thus find a high propensity to report when levels of exposure are low, and a lower reporting propensity once exposure to violence has increased. This trend is conceptualized against the background of a shift in and broadening of the type of incidents reported in the context of victim surveys. Acts of violence against persons employed in the health sector, schools and in care provision are less likely to be reported to the police than violence perpetrated against members of other occupational groups. Thus as care workers come to account for an increasing proportion of both violent incidents and the victims of violence, the aggregate propensity to report such incidents decreases. When the focus is limited to those individuals working in the care sector who have themselves been exposed to violence, there are no signs of a reduction in their reporting propensity.

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  • Ungdomsbrottslighet som samhällsproblem

    1999. Felipe Estrada, Hanns von Hofer.

    Avhandling (Dok)

    The principal aim of this doctoral thesis is to describe the evolution of juvenile delinquency as a social problem during the post-war period. Through its four empirical studies the thesis advocates an understanding based on a contextual constructionism, which represents a compromise position between the objectivist and constructivist perspectives that dominate the field of social problems.

    The first study (Chapter 2) comprises an analysis of the development of juvenile delinquency in Sweden after 1975. The study is based on official crime statistics, victim surveys, insurance statistics and surveys of the alcohol and drug habits of young persons. The analyses do not allow for an exact determination of the actual trends in juvenile crime, but the indicators suggest that at worst the number of juveniles offenders has remained more or less stable since the mid 1970s, whilst at best the number has diminished.

    Chapter 3 describes the trends in juvenile crime in ten European countries during the post-war period. The data comprise reports, articles, statistics and personal information from researchers in the countries analysed. The study concludes that in all the countries examined, juvenile crime increases sharply during the first decades of the post-war period (1950-75). After this point, however, these trends level off in most countries.

    By means of a content analysis of editorials, Chapter 4 deals with the attention focused on juvenile delinquency in the Swedish daily press during the post-war period (1950-1994). The study shows both qualitative and quantitative changes in the way the press portray juvenile crime. Most importantly, 1986 saw the problem of juvenile violence suddenly becoming the dominant issue.

    Chapter 5 deals with the development of, and the societal response to, violence in schools (1980-1997). A content analysis of a journal for school employees indicates that responses to problems of violence in school underwent a transformation at the end of the 1980s. A study of police reports shows that reported cases of violence in schools have increased considerably. The explanation for this rise is to be found in a change in the size of the dark figure. Besides the response-sensitive official crime statistics, there is very little to indicate any substantial change in the number of juveniles being subjected to, or subjecting others to violence.

    Chapter 6 discusses the main finding produced by the thesis – namely that there has been a change in the way society reacts to juveniles who commit criminal offences that cannot be explained by the crime trends. Three alternative explanations are discussed: the media and moral panics, the ”racialisation” of the crime problem and the structural crisis of legitimacy faced by the welfare state.

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